tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68946998726560093892024-02-19T07:55:13.636-08:00Solomon/Moss Family ArchivesJoys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-28560834906850329422015-12-30T01:49:00.002-08:002022-03-09T02:00:41.710-08:00Four Generations of Nathaniel & Phoebe Solomon<b>http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b><br />
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Generations of the Solomon
Family starting from Nathaniel Solomon </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1754-1816). </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(extracted from Internet).</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathaniel Solomon</b>
was born in 1754 in Kent, England. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He
married Phoebe de Mitz or Metz</b> circa 1774 (approx.). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathaniel
died in 1816</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phoebe De Metz was born in 1745</b> (approx.) in Leiden, Holland and
was part of a Dutch Jewish family some of whom settled down in London. Phoebe's
father was Simon be Menhame de Metz. Source = Jewish Genealogy, <a href="http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/provincialjewry/intro.htm">http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/provincialjewry/intro.htm</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phoebe married Nathaniel at the age of 15</b>. She died at the age of
about 89, in comfortable Phoebe de Metz circumstances, on 19 February 1834. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phoebe and Nathaniel Solomon</b> had a
great number of children, some of whom are:</div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edward Solomon (1774-1855), </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Solomon (1776 - ), </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon (1776-1852), </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benjamin Edward Solomon (1777 - ), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joseph Solomon (1789-1861), </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lewis Solomon/ Gideon (1789-1868). </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">First Generation – the children of Nathaniel Solomon and Pheobe De Metz.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Edward Solomon</b>, son of Nathaniel Solomon
and Phoebe De Metz, was born circa 1774 in Margate, Kent, England. He was a Law
Clerk who died on 10 May 1855 in Southwark, Surrey. Edward <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">married Rachel Joseph</b>. Rachel Joseph was born circa 1790 in
Aldgate, London. Rachel died on 18 June 1859 in Southwark<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rachel Joseph and Edward Solomon had the
following children</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathaniel Solomon (1811-1894), Joseph Solomon
(1812- ), Saul Reginald Solomon (1816- ), Rosetta Solomon (1818- ), Simon Solomon
(1820- ), Benjamin Solomon (1821- ), Maria Solomon (1823- ), Isabella Solomon
(1824- ), Phoebe Solomon (1826- ), John Solomon (1828- ), Adelaide Solomon
(1830- ).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles Solomon</b>, son of Nathaniel Solomon
and Phoebe De Metz, was born in 1776 (approx.) in Margate, Kent, England. Charles
married Elizabeth Gazel on 22 April 1798 in St. Helena. We have no further
information about Charles or his family at this stage. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Saul
Solomon</b>, son of Nathaniel Solomon and Phoebe De Metz, was born on 25
December 1776 in Margate, Kent, England. At some point in his life, Saul travelled
to St. Helena, South Atlantic where, after some considerable time, he
established himself as a Merchant and Agent. The St Helena Solomon's and their
connections monopolised the prestigious albeit non-salaried post of Sheriff on
the island: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul snr 1839-1842 and
1846-1850; his brother Lewis Gideon (who had taken on a new surname) 1842-1844
and 1852-1856; his son Nathaniel 1853-1855 and 1859-1860; his partner George
Moss 1870-1880; and his other son Saul jnr 1880-1888.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
The
internet article below is from “In search of Saul Solomon of St Helena
1776-1852”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon married Margaret Lee in circa
1800</b>. After Margaret's death, Saul married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Chamberlain</b> in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1815</b>
in Saint Helena, South Atlantic. In 1815 Saul was living at Armstrong's Corner,
St. Helena. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary Chamberlain died in
June 1823 in St. Helena and Saul then married for a third time, a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harriet Bryan</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">on 24 June 1823 </b>in St. Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul
died of softening of the brain, paralysis, apoplexy, 9 months certified on 6
December 1852 in</b> “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Eastwood” in
Portishead, Bristol, England</b>. His death certificate gave his age as 75 and
occupation "Consul", reflecting his appointments as "Consul for
Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, the Brazils, Spain and Austria; Vice-Consul for
Belgium; Consular Agent for France; and Commercial Agent for Holland.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
"<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul's
body was returned to St. Helena where he was buried at the north wall of St.
James' Church. </b>The graveyard has since been cleared to make way for a
children's' playground but Saul's gravestone still survives and reads <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">"Sacred to the Memory of S. Solomon,
Esq., who died in England." </b>It is thought that his daughter Miriam Solomon secretly brought her father's body back to St Helena for burial.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical
details for Saul Solomon</b>: (Extract from article via Internet).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul's
wish to return to St. Helena was honoured in a rather bizarre sequel, revealed
by Mrs. Harriet Tytler sailing home from India in 1853 on the S.V. Camperdown. </b>The
notes say remains of Mr. Saul Solomon arrived on 2nd March 1853 - on the
Perseverance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the Cape we …… took in
fresh passengers, among them a Miss Solomon. …. [who] confided to some of us a
burden on her mind... Unknown to everybody she had brought her father's corpse
on the ship to have it buried on his beloved St. Helena. The burden was a
terrible one for fear that if the sailors found it out, they would chuck her
father overboard. Of course we were all under vow not to disclose the terrible
fact of a corpse on board, so that when we reached St. Helena and the contents
of that case were safely landed, her brother Nathaniel came on board and ....
invited us to his hotel as guests.<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
If the Camperdown's crew were unaware of the
contents of Miss Solomon's luggage, people at St. Helena were not. Both local
papers, recording the death of "our late Sheriff in London"[sic], had
announced that he was to be buried on the Island, the St. Helena Chronicle
reporting on 19 February "that his remains are at the Cape". Saul was
buried on 4 March 1853 in St. James Church, Jamestown, St. Helena Island. (FHL
Film No. 1259107, Gravestones and Memorials on St. Helena 1686-1975). The
tombstone for Saul Solomon reads as follows: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sacred to the Memory of S. Solomon, Esq. who
died in England on the Sixth of December 1852 Aged 76 years”.<br />
<br />
(<b>In 2017</b> with further research by Steve Winterton from South Africa and myself, we believe that Saul's daughter <b>Miriam Solomon</b> was the one who secretly brought her father's body back to St Helena for burial. In 1870, Miriam Solomon was recorded on the Baptisimal record for <b>Ada Annie Solomon</b> (born 1865) to be her Parent, a 56 year old Spinster. Witnesses were Henry Solomon, Susan Solomon and Ann Knipe. Ada Annie Solomon married John Dunstan and died in South Africa in 1926).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
If one man dominates St. Helena's history it
must, according to 'the outside world', surely be Napoleon Bonaparte. But the
experience of daily life tells St.Helenians differently. Long before Napoleon
arrived, Saul Solomon had founded a business that, after 200 years, still
wields all-pervasive influence over their affairs. Yet the founder is as little
known as St. Helena's other benefactors. So what can a search, far from Island
sources, reveal about St. Helena's "Merchant-King"?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Solomon's origins seem mantled in mystery.
Where and when he was born, why and how he reached St. Helena, no-one yet
knows. Tradition has it that he was born in London about 1776 and in his 'teens
set out for India on a ship sailing via St. Helena. There he was left at
death's door and nursed back to health by an officer's family. Geoffrey
Kitching, pre-war government secretary, told W.E.G.Solomon that he was a
corporal in the St. Helena Corps in 1796. But the India Office Library has no
record of this.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
During Saul's business career ships increased
from about 150 to over a thousand a year, St. Helena became a haven for
American whalers and a base for the Royal Navy's anti-slavery squadron, with a
Vice-Admiralty Court condemning slavers and unseaworthy vessels to the benefit
of Jamestown's ship chandlers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Solomon had funds for speculation when it
mattered, which perhaps explains partners such as the shadowy Dickson and
Taylor, George Janisch of Teutonic Hall, and Robert Morrison, who had the fact
inscribed on his grave in 1865. (Daniel Hamilton's memorial in 1867 also
records service to the Company). But when calamity fell, like the collapse of
the St. Helena Whale Fishery Co., it was rivals, Thomas Baker, John Scott and
others, who lost, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">not Solomon, Gideon or
Moss</b>. Ironically, forty years later his successors ignored, or were
ignorant of, this experience and made a disastrous investment in the Island whaler,
Elizabeth. If Saul speculated unwisely, it has yet to be discovered. At the
watershed of St. Helena history - the Island's transfer from the Company to the
Crown in 1836 - he was again among the winners, as old Company landed families
sold out at great loss, while merchants took their pickings and prospered.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
Saul was no less skilful in climbing the
social ladder as the Napoleonic era receded. Despite being 'in trade', which
normally put one beyond the pale of polite society, he and his partners were
invited to sit with 'gentlemen' on various committees - Benefit, Benevolent,
Fire and those of other social welfare societies. Solomon, Gideon and Moss
virtually ran the Annuity Fund Committee. Indicators abound of rising social
status. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In 1823 Saul's daughter Phoebe
married Capt. T.M.Hunter</b> of the St. Helena Artillery; in 1838 his son Henry
(1806-47) became Colonial Surgeon and Health Officer, whose widow married
Governor Sir Patrick Ross; they were leading Freemasons, churchwardens and JPs.
For 50 years they almost monopolised the prestigious post of Sheriff ("no
salary") through Saul Solomon (1839-42, 1846-50), Lewis Gideon (changed
his name from Solomon) (1842-4, 1852-6), Nathaniel Solomon (1850-52, 1859-60),
George Moss (1870-80) and Saul Solomon, jun. (1880-88). In short, during the
founder's lifetime, Solomon & Co. became pillars of the Establishment and
of the Church, to be symbolised finally by Homfray Welby Solomon (1877-1960),
grandson of Bishop Welby, Churchwarden and Member of Council (from 1898),
commercial and social Island Supremo - "King Sol". His death on 30
October 1960 at 83 ended the Solomon dynasty at St. Helena, and in 1974 the
firm, dominating Island production and commerce, was 'nationalised' by the St.
Helena Government. Among his Victorian competitors only W.A.Thorpe & Sons
now survive as independent merchant-landowners. Saul was the undertaker at many
Anglican funerals, including in 1818 at that of Napoleon's Roman Catholic
valet, Cipriani." </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">We read
in “Who's who in Jewish history: after the period of the Old Testament” By Joan
Comay, Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok: </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
“On his way from England to India at the age
of twenty, Saul Solomon (1775 - 1850) became ill and was put ashore on the
Indian Ocean island of St. Helena. He became the leading merchant and ships
purveyor on the island and an intimate of Napoleon during his years of exile
there. His nephew, also Saul Solomon (died 1892), was educated in Cape Town and
became the government printer and a leading newspaper publisher. Although tiny
in stature, he was an influential member of the Cape legislator and its most
effective debater. He married a non-Jew and was baptized. Other members of the
family, all Christians, played a prominent part in South African life, and
included a chief justice and the South African high commissioner in London”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon’s family</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1<sup>st</sup> Marriage: Margaret Lee </b>was born on 1 October 1792 in
St. Helena, South Atlantic, and died in June 1815. She was buried on 14 June
1815. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Margaret Lee and Saul Solomon had 7 children:</b> Benjamin Solomon,
Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon, Henry Robert Solomon, Miriam Solomon, John Benjamin
Solomon, Margaret Sarah Solomon, Lee Solomon. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Details of Phoebe, Miriam, Henry &
Lee Solomon below: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon</b> b. 20 May 1804 St. Helena. Phoebe married
Captain Thomas Montgomery Hunter of the St. Helena Artillery on 15 October
1823. From the years 1824 to 1834 Phoebe and Thomas produced five children:
Ann, Montgomery, Highland, Orby and Grace Hunter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry Solomon</b> (1806-1847) was the Colonial Surgeon & Health Officer in St Helena. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee Solomon</b> b. 19 March 1915 St. Helena. <b>Miriam Solomon</b> born 8 July 1808, a Spinster, at the age of 57 is recorded on the 1870 Baptismal record of Ada Annie Solomon born 1865 as Parent. Henry was a witness to that document. It is thought that Miriam was the daughter that secretly brought back her father Saul Solomon to St Helena for burial in 1852.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2<sup>nd</sup> Marriage: Mary Chamberlain </b>born 1790 in St Helena
and died in June 1823 in St. Helena and was buried on 24 June 1823 in St.
Helena<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Mary Chamberlain and Saul Solomon
had 2 children</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon</b> b. 12 Aug 1818, St. Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathaniel Lee Solomon</b> b. 5 June 1822 St. Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3<sup>rd</sup> Marriage: Harriet Bryan</b> was born in 1800 (approx.)
in St. Helena. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Harriet Bryan and Saul Solomon
had 2 children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Chamberlain Solomon</b> (1825-1828).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Solomon</b> (1827- ? ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Benjamin Edward Solomon</b>,
son of Nathaniel Solomon and Phoebe De Metz, was born circa 1777 in Margate,
Kent, England. Benjamin was a Merchant in St. Helena, South Atlantic, and
married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johanna Petronella du</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Plessis on 11 October 1807</b> in Cape
Town, South Africa. Johanna Petronella du Plessis was born on 8 March 1789 in
Paarl, Cape Of Good Hope, South Africa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johanna du Plessis and Benjamin Edward Solomon had the following
children</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Benjamin Solomon (1808-1879), Jonathan Daniel Solomon (1810- ),
Johannes Frederick Joseph Solomon (1812- ), Johanna Catharina Solomon (1815- ),
Edward Adrian Pieter Solomon (1825-1908), Benjamin George Johan Solomon (1828-
), Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon (1830-1916).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph Solomon</b>, son of
Nathaniel Solomon and Phoebe De Metz, was born in 1789 in Margate, Kent,
England. Joseph was an Innkeeper in St. Helena, South Atlantic & Foreign
Merchant who <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">married Hannah Moss on 7
July 1814 in St. Helena</b>. (Source = National Archives of South Africa - Cape
Town Archives MOOC, Vol 7/1/254, Ref 132, Year 1858)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joseph's family went to Cape Town about 1834</b>, leading to the rise
of their son, Saul (1817-92) - the famous "member for Cape Town" and
founder of The Cape Argus - whose memorial is in St. James' Church. Joseph died
in 1861 possibly in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joseph's Will dated 23 August 1858</b> shows the sole beneficiary to be
his wife Hannah Solomon or should she predecease, their daughter Isabella
Solomon. Sole executor was his son Saul Solomon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hannah Moss was born circa 1793 and died in 1858 in Cape Town, South
Africa</b>. She was buried English Church Graveyard, Somerset Rd, Cape Town.
This graveyard no longer exists but many of the memorial stones were moved to
Maitland Cemetery, Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hannah Moss and Joseph Solomon had 9 children: </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nathaniel Solomon (1815-1815) Baptised 3 June 1815 and buried 4 June
1815, Henry Solomon (1816-1900), Saul Solomon (1817-1892), Richard Prince
Solomon (1818-1854), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Benjamin Solomon
(1819- ?), </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edward Solomon (1820-1886), Isabella Solomon (1826-1897), Margaret
Solomon (1828 – 1905), Rosa Solomon (born & died in St Helena).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lewis Solomon & later Gideon</b>,
son of Nathaniel Solomon and Phoebe De Metz, was born in 1789 in Canterbury,
Kent. He was a Merchant, Jeweller & Notary Public in St. Helena. Lewis<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> married Julia</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Magnus</b> on 29 September 1818 in St. Helena. He died on 10 February
1868 in Marylebone, London, England. Lewis left a will dated 1 April 1863 and
added a Codicil dated 13 September 1864. The Will was proved at London on 7
March 1868 in which the Executors named were his sons Henry Hamer and James
Magnus Gideon, his wife's brother Samuel Magnus, his sons in law John William
Bovell and Robert Alexander Loudon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Julia Magnus</b> was born in 1796 (approx.). She died on 25 November
1847 in London, England and buried Brady Street, Cemetery, London. She and
Lewis Solomon & later Gideon had <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">11
children all with surname of Gideon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Note: Conjecture: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did Lewis change his surname to Gideon -
in St. Helena the Solomon's set up the firm of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">"Solomon, Moss, Gideon & Co."</b> during the early
history of the Island. Saul Solomon started the first "Press" on the
Island and subsequent other businesses. It is probable that Lewis worked in the
family business either managing or running the business under the name of
"Gideon". At their birth, all his children were given the surname of
Gideon rather than Solomon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Nathaniel Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was
born in 1811 in Sheerness, Kent. Nathaniel married Elizabeth West in 15 April
1838 in Lambeth, London (As per London, England, Marriages and Banns,
1754-1921). Nathaniel became a Tobacconist who died in April to June quarter of
1894 in Lambeth (as per Ancestry.com.). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth West</b> was born in 1818 in Farnham, Surrey and died in 1869
in London, England. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth West and
Nathaniel Solomon had nine children.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph Solomon</b>, son of
Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was born in 1812.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul Reginald Solomon</b>,
son of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was born on 21 January 1816 in
Sheerness, Kent, and became a Solicitor. On 5 September 1855 he <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">married Elizabeth Levy</b> in London. Saul
died on 31 March 1898 in Bayswater, Kensington, Middlesex. Elizabeth Levy, was
born 1830 in St. Mary's Newington, Surrey and died on 22 April 1906 in
Maidavale, London. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth Levy and</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon went on to have 12 children
born between 1857 and 1876, - Edward, Maria, Rachel, Joseph, Isabel, Alfred,
Montague, Frederick, Frank Percy, Herbert Lewis, George Goodman and Reginald
Saul</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon</b>. (See the
Elliott-Saurio Family Tree in Ancestry.com)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Rosetta Solomon</b>, daughter of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph,
was born in 1818.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Simon Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was born
in 1820.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. Benjamin Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was
born in 1821.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7. Maria Solomon</b>, daughter of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was
born in 1823.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">8. Isabella Solomon</b>, daughter of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph,
was born in 1824.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">9. Phoebe Solomon</b>, daughter of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph,
was born in 1826.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">10.John Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was born
in 1828.</div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">11.Adelaide Solomon</b>, daughter of Edward
Solomon and Rachel Joseph, was born in 1830.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Saul Solomon and Margaret Lee.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Henry Solomon</b>, son of Saul Solomon and Margaret Lee, was born in
1806. He was a Colonial Surgeon and Health Officer, St. Helena, South Atlantic.
He died in 1847.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Phoebe Solomon</b>, daughter of Saul Solomon
and Mary Chamberlain, was born circa 1802. She married T.M.Hunter in 1823 in
St. Helena, South Atlantic. T.M.Hunter was a Captain of St. Helena Artillery.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Saul Solomon and Mary Chamberlain.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Saul Solomon, </b>son of Saul Solomon and Mary Chamberlain, was born
12 August 1818 in St Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Nathaniel Lee Solomon, </b>son of Saul Solomon and Mary Chamberlain,
was born 5 June 1822 in St Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Saul Solomon and Harriet Bryan.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Mary Chamberlain
Solomon, </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">daughter of
Saul Solomon and</span> Harriet Bryan, was born on 8 May 1825 in St. Helena.
She was christened on 15 June 1825 in St. Helena. Aged 3, Mary died on 13
September 1828 in St. Helena and was buried on 14 September 1828 in St. James
Church, Jamestown, St. Helena, South Atlantic.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. William Solomon</b>, son of Saul Solomon and Harriet Bryan, was born
on 6 December 1827 in St. Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Benjamin Edward Solomon & Johanna Petronella du Plessis.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1</b>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles Benjamin Solomon</b>,
son of Benjamin Edward Solomon and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on
11 February 1808 at Paarl, Cape Town, South Africa and christened on 28
February. He married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elizabeth Jacoba Luyt</b>
on 9 October 1829 in Cape Town. Elizabeth Jacoba Luyt was born in 1812 and
christened in Cape Town on 8 February 1812. She died on 19 February 1842 at
Cape Town. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Following her death, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles married Anna Johanna Catharine Wannenburg</b>
in 1842 in South Africa. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anna Johanna
Catharine Wannenburg</b> was born on 10 July 1810 in Cape Town and died on 14
January 1879 in Cape Town. Charles Solomon died on 14 July
1879 in Cape Town, South Africa and was buried Somerset Rd. Cemetery, Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Jonathan Daniel Solomon</b>, son of Benjamin Edward Solomon and
Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born in 1810 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Johannes Frederick Joseph Solomon</b>, son of Benjamin Edward Solomon
and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on 22 April 1812 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
4<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Johanna Catharina Solomon</b>, daughter of Benjamin Edward Solomon
and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on 27 November 1815 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5</b>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edward Adrian Pieter Solomon</b>,
son of Benjamin Edward Solomon and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on
17 May 1825 in possibly Cape Town, South Africa. Edward died in 1908.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. Benjamin George Johan Solomon</b>, son of Benjamin Edward Solomon
and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on 2 March 1828 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7. Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon</b>, daughter of Benjamin Edward Solomon
and Johanna Petronella du Plessis, was born on 6 November 1830 in Cape Town. Phoebe
married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heinrich Gersbach</b> on 23 June
1851. She died in 1916 in Cape Town, South Africa and was buried 5 April 1916
at Woltemade Cemetery, Maitland, Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Second Generation – the
children of Joseph Solomon and Hannah Moss.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Nathaniel Solomon</b>, son of Joseph Solomon and Hannah Moss, was
born in 1815 in Saint Helena, South Atlantic. He was baptised on the 3 June
1815 and died shortly afterwards. Nathaniel was buried on the 4 June 1815 in St
Helena, South Atlantic.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Henry Solomon</b>, son of Joseph Solomon and Hannah Moss, was born
in 1816 in Saint Helena. He was a Printer/Stationer & Part Owner of Cape
Argus. Henry married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Julia Sophia Middleton</b>
in 1840 probably in Cape Town. Henry died in 1900 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1844 there came to live at the
foot of Queens Road a man who might well deserve to be known as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“the Father of Green and Sea Point”.</b>
His name was Henry Solomon, and for 56 years he lived at Sea Point Cottage,
just above the beach, where flats called Albenor now stand. In that same house,
where all his eleven children were born, he died in 1900 after giving nearly
sixty years of devoted and entirely disinterested service to his community.
Henry Solomon was born on the island of St Helena in 1816, the year after
Waterloo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He would often tell his children how, as a small boy, he was lifted up
by his mother to look on the face of the dead Napoleon as the Emperor lay in
state at Longwood</b>. With one of his brothers, Saul, Henry Solomon was sent
to England for his early education. Both boys developed rheumatic fever, an
illness that left them crippled and - more especially, Saul - dwarfed in
stature, but in other respects it affected them little. In 1831 the Solomon
parents, with their children, left St Helena and came to settle in Cape Town,
where young Henry eventually became an accountant. In 1840 he married Miss
Julia Middleton, of Rondebosch, and four years later they came to live at Sea
Point Cottage, one of the houses built shortly after the break-up of
Alexander's estate in 1818.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry Solomon with his brother Saul started printing the “Cape Argus”
in 1858.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Henry appears in Voters list of
Western Cape for 1878 giving his residence as 49 & 50 St. George's Street. Also
owned Sea Point Cottage, Sea Point. Also appears in Voters list of Western Cape
for 1882 giving his residence as 42 St. George's Street, Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Julia Sophia Middleton</b>, daughter of Richard Middleton and Elise
[Eliza] Mathilde Viner was born in 28 January 1821 in Marylebone, London, and
was christened in St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town, South Africa. Julia died
on 18 February 1885 at Sea Point in Cape Town. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Julia Middleton and Henry Solomon had the following children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alfred Viner Solomon</b> (circa 1854-1910), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Solomon</b> (b.20 July 1848 Sea Point, Cape Town - d. 6 Jan 1935
at Fraserburg, Northern Cape, S.Africa) married Dr. John Henry Brown, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellen Hannah</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon</b> (28 Dec 1844 Cape Town d. 22 April 1924 Cape Town), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry Solomon</b> ( - ), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Annie Solomon,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arthur Solomon,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles Solomon,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eliza Solomon,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harry Solomon, Isabel Solomon, Jane Solomon, Julia
Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Saul Solomon</b>, son of Joseph Solomon and Hannah Moss, was born on
25 May 1817 in Saint Helena. Saul was sent to England in 1822 to be educated
with his elder brother Henry, under the care of a Jewish schoolmaster. After he
ended is formal education in 1831 he was apprenticed to the bookseller and
printer George Greig and eventually became a Partner in the company with his
brother Henry. Not only was he a Publisher, but he became part owner of “Cape
Argus”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1865 Saul was resident in “Clarensville”,
Sea Point, Cape Province.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon married Georgiana Margaret Thomson</b> in 1873. At the
time Saul was age 56 and Georgiana was 29! Saul appeared in the census on 5
April 1891 at 59 Bromham Road, St. Paul, Bedford. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On this census it shows: John S. Bloomfield,
age 32, Servant, b. Old Kent Rd. London, Isabel Fraser, age 41, Visitor, b.
Scotland, Bessie Mills, age 25, Servant, Daisy D Solomon, Dtr. age 9, b.
Colonsay, Cambridgeshire, England, Georgina M. Solomon, Wife age 46, b.
Scotland, Saul Solomon, Head, age 73, St. Helena, Atlantic Islands, Saul
Solomon, Son, age 15, b. Colonsay, Cambridgeshire, England,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>William E.G. Solomon, Son, age 11, b.
Colonsay, Cambridgeshire, England.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon died of Chronic tubular nephritis, on 16 October 1892</b>
in Windsor, Kilcreggan, Dumbarton, Scotland aged 75. The address at the time
was: Windsor, Kilcreggan, Dumbarton.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Death cert obtained from
Scotland's People shows that death was registered by his wife and their usual
residence was given as “Clarensville”, Sea Point, nr. Cape Town, Cape Colony.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SNIPPET FROM BIOGRAPHY OF SAUL SOLOMON (1817-1892):</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">"Saul Solomon (b. St. Helena May 25, 1817; d. Oct. 16, 1892), the
leader of the Liberal party, has been called the "Cape Disraeli."</b>
He several times declined the premiership and was invited into the first
responsible ministry, formed by Sir John Molteno. Like Disraeli, too, he early
left the ranks of Judaism, but always remained a lover of his people.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He went to Cape Town when a lad, where, with his brother Henry, he
started a printing-office and, later, founded and edited the "Cape
Argus."</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Descendants of these two brothers, Justice William Solomon, Sir. Richard
Solomon (attorney-general of the Transvaal), and Sir. E. P. Solomon, are to-day
among the most eminent men in South Africa</b>. The few other St. Helena Jews
who settled there during Napoleon's banishment, the Gideon, the Moss, and the
Isaacs families, were all related to the Solomon's, and, like the members of
the last-named family, most of them drifted from Judaism.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon, with his brother Henry started printing the “Cape Argus”
in 1858.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It may be said with little fear
of contradiction that after John Fairbairn left to take up residence in the
suburbs the most noteworthy person to make his home at Sea Point was Saul
Solomon, who came to live at a house above the beach, well known as “Clarensville”,
not far from where his brother Henry was living at Sea Point Cottage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
How Saul Solomon reached Cape
Town from St Helena in 1831 has already been told; how, too, an early illness
had left him a dwarf in stature. At Cape Town he became a printer and engraver.
He started his own firm, and in course of time secured most of the Government
printing contracts. He became the owner of “The Cape Argus” newspaper. When in
1854 Cape Colony was granted representative government, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon was elected Member for Cape Town in the first Cape</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Parliament.</b> 'For many years he
exercised an authority and influence in the House such as later fell to Jan
Hofmeyr . . . and, as in later years no eminent traveller considered his visit
to the Cape complete until he had been to Groote Schuur or to Camp Street
[where Hofmeyr lived], so travellers would repair to “Clarensville” to hold
converse with the great little man.' <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
boy from St Helena had become the leading figure in Cape politics.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul Solomon bought “Clarensville”
in 1865 from Mr James King, of Phillips and King, one of the leading firms in
Cape Town at that time. It is not known how, or when, “Clarensville” acquired its name. The house stood in grounds that extended from what is now
Clarens Road almost as far as Cassel Road. From Regent Road the estate
stretched down to greensward at the water's edge, glimpsed through rows of tall
pine trees; there were 60 of them in the grounds of “Clarensville”. No Beach
Road yet disturbed the tranquillity of this corner of Sea Point.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mrs Solomon</b> had originally come to South Africa as principal of the
Good Hope Seminary in Cape Town. Years later, after her husband had died and
she was living in London, she <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">became
prominently</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">associated with the
Women's Suffrage Movement in Great Britain</b>. Here, at “Clarensville”, she
was hostess at Saul Solomon's famous dinners, to which were invited everyone
who mattered in the world of politics. Here, too, she was hostess in 1879, when
Cetewayo, the defeated King of the Zulus, was permitted to leave his captivity
at the Castle to go to luncheon with the Solomon's at “Clarensville”. Cetewayo
was only one of numerous Africans to be received there, for Saul Solomon was a
fearless 'negrophilist' - to use the contemporary term.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
All this sounds as though life at
“Clarensville” was a very serious affair, but this was not the case. There were
always young people about the place, not only Saul Solomon's own children but
nephews and nieces to whom he gave a home at Sea Point. Among those taken in at
“Clarensville” was Dick Solomon, who as a youngster had gone away to sea,
serving at one time in the little mail ship Briton, of the Union Line. From her
storm-swept decks, during that awful gale of 1865, he watched the other mail
ship, Athens, steaming out of Table Bay to meet her doom at Mouille Point.
Colonel R. Stuart Solomon, as he eventually became, was, in later life, closely
associated with the well-known Cape Town person R. M. Ross, in Strand Street. He
then lived at “Camelon House”, a spacious place behind “Clarensville”, where
today, in Regent Road, there stand a nondescript Jewish Assembly Hall and a
cheap conglomeration of shops. From time to time there were also three other
nephews staying at “Clarensville”, sons of the Revd Edward Solomon. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">All three in later life attained to high
office in the service of their country and were knighted: Sir Richard, Sir
Edward and Sir William."</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georgiana Margaret Thomson</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">was
born on 18 August 1844</b> in Haymount, Makerstoun, Roxburgh, Scotland.
Georgiana was the daughter of George Thomson (a farmer of 915 acres near
Haymount, Roxburghshire) and Margaret<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.
Georgiana died on 24 June 1933</b> at Eastbourne, Sussex, England.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Probate of Wills and Administrations</b> shows the following: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georgiana Margaret</b> of Clarensville, 7 Helenslea Avenue, Golders
Green, Middlesex, widow died 24 June 1933 at Esperance, Hartington Road,
Eastbourne. Probate London 19 December to Daisy Dorothea Solomon, spinster. Effects
- £3511 3s. 4d. (today this would be worth 172,792 64pence).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Short biography regarding Georgiana Solomon (nee Thomson):</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Mrs Solomon</b> originally went to South Africa as Principal of the
Good Hope Seminary in Cape Town. Years later, after her husband had died and
she was living in London, she became prominently associated with the Women's
Suffrage Movement in Great Britain. Here, at “Clarensville”, she was hostess at
Saul Solomon's famous dinners, to which were invited everyone who mattered in
the world of politics. Here, too, she was hostess in 1879, when Cetewayo, the
defeated King of the Zulus, was permitted to leave his captivity at the Castle
to go to luncheon with the Solomon's at Clarensville. Cetewayo was only one of
numerous Africans to be received there, for Saul Solomon was a fearless
'negrophilist' - to use the contemporary term.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georgiana and her daughter Daisy spent time at Holloway Prison in
London at some point between 1905 and 1914 for their active and prominent roll
in the Suffragette movement”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Olive Schreiner wrote
frequently to Georgiana Solomon: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<a href="http://www.oliveschreiner.org/">http://www.oliveschreiner.org</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
"<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georgiana Solomon</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">was active
in the pro-Boer movement in Britain during the South African War</b> and after
the war she travelled to South Africa where she spent time touring the ‘ruined
areas’ and involving herself in rehabilitation and reconstruction work.
Together with Annie Botha, wife of the Boer general and politician Louis Botha,
she helped establish the SAVF in 1904. After her subsequent return to London
she maintained her interest in South African affairs and was a member of the
Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society. She was an enthusiastic speaker
and letter-writer and was involved in hosting members of various ‘native’ delegations
which visited London between 1913 and 1919, and she acted as an important
networker, particularly in relation to Solomon Plaatje. Most of Schreiner’s
extant letters to Georgiana Solomon take the form of postcards written while
she was living in London between 1914 and 1920, and are centered on activities
and arrangements concerning their common interest in the ‘native question’ and
South African politics. Schreiner wrote to Solomon to obtain information about
Solomon Plaatje’s whereabouts, and also arranged for him to meet with John
Hodgson. She also clearly attended political meetings at Georgiana Solomon’s
home, commenting in a 1919 letter for example, “Your gathering was most
interesting. How well Plaatje and all the delegates spoke!” Despite their shared
interest in race matters, Schreiner and Mrs Solomon clearly disagreed with one
another regarding the First World War, and Schreiner was forced to remind Mrs
Solomon that she was a pacifist, adding in a letter of 1914, “So we’d better
not talk about the war, dear Mrs Solomon. I think when two people have so many
things in common as you and I have, we need never refer to the things about
which we don’t agree. Don't you think so? We can’t all think alike can we?” It
is possible to discern from her letters to others that even on matters relating
to South African politics Schreiner did not always agree with Mrs Solomon’s
views or tactics; in a 1917 letter to Will Schreiner she referred to Mrs
Solomon and John Hodgson as a “distressing pair”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georgiana Margaret Thomson and Saul Solomon had the following children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon (1875-1965)</b> Barrister at Law/Judge, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Ewart Gladstone Solomon</b>
(1880-1965) Portrait /Landscape Artist & Biographer, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Daisy Dorothea Solomon</b> (1882- ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Edward Solomon</b>, son of Joseph Solomon and Hannah Moss, was born
in 1820 and died in 1886. He lived at Bedford, Cape Province, South Africa. Edward Solomon married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jessie Matthews</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract from </b><a href="http://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://1820gw.wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Born on St Helena, Edward, a younger brother of Saul and Henry, studied
for the church</b> and was a follower of the outspoken Dr John Philip of the
London Missionary Society. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Edward was
ordained at</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the age of nineteen. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the same year he married Jessie Mathews of
Aberdeen, Scotland</b>. The couple had a large family of nine children, most of
them born under varied and difficult conditions in the many missionary
locations in the Cape to which Edward was sent. He was rotund in figure and had
a round full bearded face. A great reader, a good talker and an excellent
correspondent. He was always witty and humorous.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Edward eventually retired to
Bedford in the Eastern Province but met his death in mysterious circumstances
at “Clarensville”. He had been looking after his brother Saul’s house and had
taken a walk on the beach, where he was later found drowned and lying in the
rocks at Sea Point. The only explanation was that he had slipped on the rocks
and struck his head before falling into the water.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jessie Matthews and Edward Solomon had the following children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Edward Solomon</b> (1845-1914), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Richard Stuart Solomon</b> (1850-1913), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir William Henry</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon</b>
(1852 -1930), <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Emilie Jane Solomon</b> (
- ).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Third Generation – the
children of Henry Solomon & Julia Sophia Middleton.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Ellen Hannah Solomon, </b>daughter of Henry Solomon and Julia Sophia
Middleton, was born 28 December 1844 in Cape Town and died there on 22 April
1924. She married James Cameron, a Minister of Religion.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Mary Solomon, </b>daughter of Henry Solomon and Julia Sophia
Middleton, was born in 1847 in Cape Town and died there in 1935. Mary married
Dr. John Henry Brown.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Dr. John Henry Brown, son of Rev.
John Croumbie Brown (1808-1895), was born in 1841 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape,
South Africa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a Doctor of
Medicine. Graduated 23 Apr 1863. John died in 1929 and was buried in 1929 in
Fraserburg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fraserburg is situated on a
plateau to the north of the Nuweveld Mountains at a height of 1 260 m above sea
level. The nearest Railway station is Leeu Gamka on the N1 between Cape Town
and Beaufort West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John Brown and Mary Solomon had the following children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Margaret Brown.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Rachel [Ray] Brown.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Julia Brown (?-1938).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Alfred Viner Solomon</b>, son of Henry Solomon and Julia Sophia Middleton,
was born circa 1854 probably in Cape Town. He was a Clerk in 1878 in his
father's business then an Accountant. Between 1868 and 1871 he attended the
South African College, Cape Town. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>South African College - From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia The South African College was an educational
institution in Cape Town, South Africa, which developed into the University of
Cape Town (UCT) and the South African College Schools (SACS).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
See the "History of South African
College" Vol 2 by Prof. W. Ritchie.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>"History of the South African
College":</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The process that would lead to
the formation of the South African College was started in 1791, when the Dutch Commissioner-General,
Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist, asked for money to be set aside to improve the
schools in the Cape. When the British took over the control of the Cape Colony,
under the first governor, Lord Charles Henry Somerset, permission was given for
the money set aside by de Mist to be used to establish the South African College. The founding committee met in the
Groote Kerk to discuss funding and accommodation for the school and on October 1,1829, the inauguration of the
South African College was held and the classes began. The original location of
the school was in the Weeshuis on Long Street and moved to what is now known as
the Egyptian Building (on the Hiddingh Campus of UCT) in the Gardens district
of Cape Town in 1841. It was decided in 1874 that the
younger students should be separated from their older counterparts. The South
African College was separated into the College, which became the University of
Cape Town; and the College Schools.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alfred died on 8 January 1910 in Cape Town, South Africa. He married
Minnie Pilkington.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Minnie Pilkington and Alfred Viner Solomon had the following children:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Alec Viner Pilkington Solomon</b> (1879-1942).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Alfred Woodford Solomon, </b>born<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>30 January 1880.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Nellie Maud Solomon</b>, born 26 July 1881.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Minnie Winifred Solomon</b>, born 8 January 1884 – 1938.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Frank Middleton Solomon</b>, born 1890.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Henry Solomon</b>, son of Henry Solomon and Julia Sophia Middleton,
was a Clerk in his father's business. Henry appeared in the 1878 Voters list
for Western Cape giving his residence as 49 and 50 St. George's St., Cape Town
and is listed as a salaried Clerk.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Annie Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. Arthur Solomon</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7. Charles Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">8. Eliza Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">9. Harry Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">10.Isabel Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">11.Jane Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">12.Julia Solomon.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Third Generation – the
children of Saul Solomon & Georgiana Margaret Thomson.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Saul Solomon</b>, son of Saul Solomon and Georgiana Margaret Thomson,
was born in 1875 in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract taken from </b><a href="https://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">https://1820gw.wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Admitted to the Bar he practiced in Cape Town and Johannesburg for six
years before changing course and becoming a minister of the Church of England
in a slum parish of London</b>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Unsettled,
distressed and dissatisfied with this experience and with Anglicanism he left
the church, converted to the Roman Catholic church, and returned to his
practice at the Bar in Johannesburg in 1916</b>. He was a brilliant and
thorough advocate specialising in statute and corporate law and his elevation
to the Transvaal Bench in 1928 was universally approved of. However, Saul did
not make the mark on the Bench that he had done at the Bar. Perhaps he missed
the excitement of a good fight, but he found most of his duties as a judge
rather too mundane. There were several stories told about him. One referred to
his habit of nodding his head in following an argument, a mannerism which was mistaken
by some to be indicating assent. In one case Counsel for a Jewish businessman
accused of fraud was extolling the virtuous and blameless life of his client
and Solomon had been nodding throughout. Two friends of the accused were
greatly impressed by the Judge’s acceptance of the qualities of their friend
and by his sympathetic attitude. “Vot a Judge!” said one to the other. In due
course Solomon gave his judgement. He gave the accused a verbal lambasting,
describing him as a rogue and a thief and one who deserved to be severely
punished. Finally he sentenced him to ten years imprisonment. “Vot a poker
player!” said the other friend. In another case Saul Solomon sentenced a farmer
from the Bethal area named Nafte to death for the beating and murder of a
native employee. The sentence caused a furore as at that time the sentence of
death upon a white man for killing a black was unusual. Such was the outcry
that administrative action was taken to commute the death sentence to a
sentence of life imprisonment. Fair minded people, then and now, regarded
Solomon’s sentence as appropriate in the circumstances and he strongly resented
the overturning action taken<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. In
retirement Saul lived in his house at St James in Cape Town lovingly cared for
by his sister Daisy”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. William Ewart Gladstone Solomon</b>, (always referred to as
Gladstone) son of Saul Solomon and Georgiana Margaret Thomson, was born in 1880
in Cape Town, S. Africa and died in 1965. He became a famous visual artist and
writer in South Africa. Gladstone married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gladys
Cowper-Smith</b> in the January to March quarter of 1906 in Tonbridge, Kent,
England, but the couple separated after a few years of marriage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract taken from </b><a href="http://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://1820gw.Wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
“Gladstone went from the Bedford
Grammar School to the Royal Academy Schools in London. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">During his long career his paintings, which were in the classical
tradition, were hung in the Royal Academy, the Paris Salon and in many
distinguished exhibitions in London</b>. In WWI Gladstone was enlisted with the
8th Welsh Regiment. As a Captain he saw action at Gallipoli, in Mesopotamia and
in India. After the war he went to India and was Director of the Government
School of Art in Bombay for 15 years, restructuring the curriculum there and
studying Indian art. In 1937 he returned to England and lectured widely on
Indian Art. In 1939 he moved back to South Africa and lived in Johannesburg.
Gladstone’s classical style portraits and his many paintings of nudes were noted
for their superb draughtsmanship and exquisite tonal qualities. Not
surprisingly, his classical style did not find great favour among the art
critics in South Africa who favoured the more modern impressionistic styles of
painting. Not for him the wild locks and bohemian looks of the young artist,
Gladstone always wore a bow-tie and suit under his painter’s smock. In any
event , since he did most of his painting overseas, he was not regarded as a
true South African painter. In advancing age his eyesight deteriorated to the
detriment of his later paintings.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The 1905 Electoral Rolls for
Earls Court, Kensington in London shows that Gladstone was registered as
sharing studios in a house at 5 Pembroke Walk, Earls Court. In 1939 he and
Daisy are registered as living at 7 Helenslea Avenue, Hendon, London. The 1911
census shows Gladstone, age 31, married, an artist living as a Boarder within
the Wolff Household at 44 Belsize Park Gardens, Hampstead, London N.W. It would
appear that he and Gladys had separated by this time (five years after they
married).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
He had earlier married a Gwladys
Cowper-Smith in England and had a son, Scott, but it was not a successful
marriage and ended early. In his retirement years Gladstone owned a house in
Muizenberg near his brother Saul and sister Daisy so could enjoy family life
with them at Saul’s St James house until his death at the age of 85.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The 1911 census shows Gwladys had
separated from her husband and was working as an Organizing Secretary for the
National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage. She was aged 34 (i.e. born 1877)
and born in Swansea, Glamorgan. She is listed as "Head" of the house
living with her Culverwell cousins”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Children of Gladstone Solomon and Gwladys Cowper</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Scott Gladstone Solomon</b> born in Hampstead on 13 December 1907.
The 1911 census shows that Scott, age 3, was living at Consuelo, 15 Wordsworth
Walk, Hendon, London N.West.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
On the 10th May 1938, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scott changed his name by deed pole to
Scott Gladstone Cowper</b>. He died in Birkenhead, Cheshire in the Oct to Dec
quarter of 1999 aged 92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scott became a
Medical Practitioner</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">and married
Marjorie Grace Boxley</b> in 1947 at Hinckley, Leicestershire. Marjorie was
born in 1914. Scott and Marjorie had a daughter Ann Christine Cowper who was
born in 1948.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Daisy Dorothea Solomon</b>, daughter of Saul Solomon and Georgiana
Margaret Thompson, was born in 1882 in Cape Town, South Africa. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Daisy spent time in Holloway for the
suffragette cause, continuing her mother’s tradition of political and social
activism</b>. Daisy never married and died in Cape Town in 1976.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Third Generation – the children
of Edward Solomon and Jessie Matthews.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Sir Edward Philip Solomon</b> was the son of Edward Solomon and
Jessie Matthews was born on 10 August 1845 Philippolis, Free State, South
Africa and died in 1914 at Johannesburg, South Africa. The 1861 census for
Christchurch in Kent shows Edward age 15, a boarder at the Missionary School
there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract from </b><a href="http://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://1820gw.wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Sir Edward Philip Solomon</b> (1845- 1914) was a successful <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">attorney in the early Witwatersrand</b>.
Identifying with the Uitlanders. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
a member of the Reform Committee sponsoring the Jameson Raid of 1895.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As a consequence of this debacle he was fined and imprisoned by
Kruger’s government for a period in Pretoria</b>. Some years later, after the
Boer War, Edward joined Smuts and Botha in the Transvaal Het Volk party. After
the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 Edward was elected to the
Senate. He suffered ill health in his last years and died in 1914”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Military Career:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
At the age of 32, from 1877 to
1879 Edward served with the Beaufort Rangers Cavalry Volunteers, South Africa
as a 1st Lieutenant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Sir Edward Solomon died on 20 November 1914
at Johannesburg - his address at the time was given as Rossleigh Park Town,
Johannesburg.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Probate of Wills in London shows the following</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon, Sir Edward Philip</b> of Rossleigh Park Town, Johannesburg,
Transvaal, South Africa, knight, died 20 November 1914. Administration (with
Will limited) London 1 April to Bertram Lowndes, assistant Bank Manager
Attorney of Hug Ross Solomon. Effects £43. 15 shillings in London.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Sir Richard Stuart Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Jessie Matthews,
was a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barrister and</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Politician</b>. He was born on 18 October
1850 in Cape Town and died on 10 November 1913 at 42 Hyde Park Square, London,
England. Richard was educated at South African College & Peterhouse
Cambridge before being called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1879<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. He was knighted K.C.M.G. in 1901 at the
age of 50 and became the High Commissioner for South Africa.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract from </b><a href="http://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://1820gw.wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“He was Attorney General for the Cape in 1898, and later legal advisor
to Lord Kitchener during the Boer War</b>. One wonders what advice Solomon gave
Kitchener on the legality (not to say the morality) of the harsh and mismanaged
concentration camp policy that Kitchener imposed on Boer families after 1900.
No-one knows how many Boer women, children and old men died in these neglected
and unsanitary camps (Thomas Packenham in his history says that estimates vary
from 18,000 to 28,000) but the number far exceeded the 7,000 odd Boer men
killed in the field in the entire war. We must assume Solomon went along with
the concentration camp policy. Afrikaner bitterness against the British over
this matter lasted for generations.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Richard Solomon sat alongside General Kitchener and Sir Alfred
Milner at the Vereeniging peace negotiations with the Boer leaders which ended
the war in 1902</b>. He was one of a committee of four (the others being
Milner, Hertzog and Smuts) appointed to draft the detailed terms of the peace
settlement. The peace terms the British offered the defeated Boers were
surprisingly generous, although not to the black Africans who continued to be
excluded from the franchise.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
After the war <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richard Solomon became the Attorney General
of the now British Transvaal</b>. He was credited by Alfred Milner with
reorganising the Statute Law of the Transvaal and bringing it into line with
British conventions elsewhere. In the years that followed he, like his brother,
joined the Transvaal Het Volk party of the former Boer generals Jan Smuts and
Louis Botha and aspired to lead the party and to be Premier of the Transvaal.
His political skills and instincts, however, were not held in high regard by
either Smuts or Botha. In the event he lost his seat to Sir Percy Fitzpatrick
(author of Jock of the Bushveld) and Botha became Premier of the Transvaal
instead.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In retrospect, all agree that
Solomon, although a brilliant lawyer and administrator, was a poor politician,
not at all of the same calibre as Botha and could never have carried the
Transvaal with him in the creation of the Union in 1910 as Botha did. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Richard Solomon ended his career as the
Union of South Africa’s first High Commissioner in London, a position to which
his abilities were well suited”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1881 (possibly in South
Africa) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Richard married Mary
Elizabeth Mary Walton</b>, daughter of John Walton (a Wesleyan Minister) and
Emma.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The 1911 census shows</b>: Living at 42 Hyde Park Square Sir Richard,
age 60, b. Cape Town, High Commissioner for South Africa, Elizabeth (his wife)
age 48 b. Nottingham, England, their grandson Richard Desire Girouard age 5 b.
Westminster, 6 Servants and a Nurse.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Richard Stuart Solomon</b> died on 10 November 1913 in London. Wills
& Probate records show:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Solomon, Sir
Richard</b> of Grahamstown, Cape Colony and of 42 Hyde Park Square, Middlesex
G.C.M.G., K.C.B., K.C.V.O. died 10 November at 42 Hyde Park Square, London.
Probate 24 January to Elizabeth Mary Solomon widow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Effects £6093 15s. 6d. (value today is
£547,606 and 84 pence).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lady Elizabeth (Mary) Solomon</b> died aged 78, on 12 January 1942 at
The Cottage Hospital, West Molesey Surrey. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wills & Probate in Ancestry.com shows:
Solomon Lady Elizabeth Mary of Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, widow, died 12
January 1942 at the Cottage Hospital, West Molesey, Surrey. Probate Llandudno
30 April to Richard Desire Girouard, Captain H.M. Army and Philip Leycester
Hardman, Solicitor. Effect £5765 8s. 9d. (value today is 228,582 and 25 pence).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir Richard and Mary Solomon had one child</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Gwendolin Solomon,</b> born Pretoria. Mary was married twice -
first to Col. Sir Edward Percy Cranwill Girouard K.C.M.G., D.S.O on 10 Sepember
1903 in South Africa, and bore him a son Richard Desiré Girouard in 1905 at
Westminster, London. The couple divorced on grounds of Sir Edward's adultery.
Lady Mary Gwendolin (as she was now known) then married Major Robert William Oppenheim
on 13 April 1915 in Egypt. She gave birth to a child, but Mary died on 16 May
from birth complications.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wills & Probate for Mary show</b>: Oppenheim, Mary Gwendolin of 27
Lower Seymour Street, Middlesex (wife of Robert William Oppenheim) died 16 May
at Budleigh Salterton, Devonshire. Administration London 31 May to the said
Robert William Oppenheim Captain H.M. Army. Effects £351 19s. 6d. (valued today
at £28,476 and 80 pence).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Sir William Henry Solomon</b>, son of Edward Solomon and Jessie
MAatthews, was a Judge. He was born in 1852 Bedford, Cape Province and died in
June 1930 in Denbighshire, Wales.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Extract from </b><a href="http://1820gw.wikispaces.com/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">http://1820gw.wikispaces.com</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“At the age of 35 he became a Judge in the High Court of Griqualand
West</b>. Like most of the Solomon's he was a small man, and he was
affectionately referred to by his colleagues as “Baby”, and in later life he
was called “the little Judge”. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">After
some ten years in Griqualand West he was transferred to the Supreme Court of
the Transvaal and in 1910 was appointed to the first Appeal Court of the Union
of South Africa. In 1928 he became Chief Justice of South Africa and was also
elected to the Privy Council in the UK to culminate an outstanding career.
William Solomon retired from the Bench in 1930 after a phenomenal forty-three
years as a judge</b>. According to Allan Solomon, he is ranked with Rose-Innes,
Wessels and J.G.Kotze as one of South Africa’s greatest judges.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
However, the question must be
asked why Solomon (and his fellow judges) did not rule against the introduction
of The Natives Land Act of 1913. This was the Union’s first major
segregationist piece of legislation and pre-dated formal apartheid by some
thirty five years and must have been controversial at the time. The Act divided
up South Africa on a racial, and not very fair basis, creating reserves for
blacks and prohibiting the sale of white territory to blacks and vice versa. It
was a hugely significant piece of legislation. It underpinned the racial divide
in the country for years and more or less inspired the fully fledged Apartheid
Group Areas Act of 1950. The allegation today is that the South African
judiciary was too compliant in accepting the sovereignty of parliamentary
legislation without fully testing the constitutionality and natural justice of
important laws such as this. The Supreme Court did in fact rule that the
Natives Land Act was invalid in the Cape Province, but only in the Cape
Province. But this was only because, unlike the other provinces, the Cape had a
property-based qualified franchise which pre-dated the Union and which the
Union of South Africa’s constitution had recognised. There was no problem in
the other provinces.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In Solomon’s defence one could
perhaps say that few of the other Commonwealth judiciaries of those times
around the world would have challenged their country’s parliamentary laws. It
was then generally accepted that parliaments made the laws and the courts
applied them. I suspect that the judiciaries in most Western countries today
would adopt a more interventionist stance, especially on social legislation of
so critical a nature”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From Cambridge University Alumni, 1261-1900</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Name: William Henry Solomon. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born: 1852.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Died: 13 June 1930. College: Peterhouse entered 1872.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
More Information: Adm. pens. at
PETERHOUSE, Oct. 11, 1872. [4th] s. of the Rev. Edward, of Bedford, Cape Colony
(and Jessie, dau. of Peter Matthews, of Aberdeen). B. 1852. Schools, Bedford,
Cape Colony, and S. African College, Cape Town. Matric. Michs. 1872; Scholar,
1873; B.A. 1876; M.A. 1880. Hon. Fellow, 1915. Adm. at the Inner Temple, Apr.
19, 1873. Called to the Bar, Nov. 17, 1877. Practised before the High Court of
Griqualand West and the Supreme Court of Cape Colony. Assistant Legal Adviser
to the Government, 1883-7. Puisne Judge, High Court of Griqualand, 1887-1902;
Eastern districts Court of Cape Colony and of the Transvaal Colony, 1902-10.
Judge of Appellate division, Supreme Court of S. Africa, 1910-27. Chief Justice
of the Union of S. Africa, 1927-1929. Acting Governor of S. Africa, 1928.
Member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 1928. Knighted, 1907;
K.C.M.G.,1913; K.C.G.I., 1914. Died June 13, 1930, at Ruthin, Denbighs. Brother
of the above. (Inns of Court; Foster, Men at the Bar; Walford, County Families;
Who was Who; The Times, June 16, 1930; Cambridge Review, Oct. 18, 1930; T. A.
Walker, 541.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sir William Henry Solomon</b> was invested as Knight Commander, Order
of St. Michael and St. George (K.C.M.G.) He graduated with a Master of Arts
(M.A.) He was invested as a Knight Commander, order of the Star of India
(K.C.S.I.) He held the office of Chief Justice of South Africa. He was invested
as a Privy Counsellor (P.C.).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William Solomon married Maud Elizabeth Christian</b> on the 31 March 1891
at Port Elizabeth. Maud was the daughter of Henry Bailey Christian and Mary
Anne Smith.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
William Solomon’s wife Maud (nee
Christian) died 9 September 1920 possibly in South Africa, and when he retired
he went, a very lonely man, to England. William and Maud died without having
any children (as per Peerage.com). William died at Ruthin Castle in
Wales on 13 June 1930.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wills & Probate in London</b> show the following: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon
K.C.M.G., the right honourable Sir William Henry</b> of Mount Nelson Hotel,
Cape Town, Cape Province, South Africa died 13 July 1930 at Ruthin Castle,
Denbighshire. Administration (with Will) (limited) London 5 December to Ralph
Gibson assistant Bank Manager Attorney of Emilie Jane Solomon, spinster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Effects £1227 8s. 4d. in England.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From “The Times”, Tuesday, 17 June 1930</b>, Page 19, Issue 45541, Col
B Category: Deaths Funeral and Memorial Services Sir William Solomon<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">: </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The funeral of Sir William Solomon</b>, late Chief Justice of the Union
of South Africa, took place at Brookwood Cemetery yesterday afternoon. The
service was conducted by Archbishop Carter, late Archbishop of Cape Town. Those
present included: Miss Emily Solomon, Lady Solomon, Mr. and Mrs. Webber, Mr.
and Lady Blanche Girouard, Miss Daisy Solomon, Mrs.Philip Christian, Mrs.
Grant, Mrs. Pat Grant, Miss Walton, Mr. and Mrs. Friedlander, Mr. Bernheim, Sir
Lionel and Lady Phillips, Sir Francis Newton, Mrs. Bailie Hamilton, Colonel and
Mrs. Fuge, and Mrs Carter. The Earl of Athlone and Princess Alice, Countess of
Athlone, sent a wreath, and others were received from the Government and people
of the Union of South Africa, the members of the Appeal Court of the Union of
South Africa, and the Mayor and Council of the City of Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Emilie Jane Solomon</b> was a Spinster in 1930 (as per Wills &
Probate of her brother William). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fourth Generation – the
children of Alfred Viner Solomon and Minnie Pilkington.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Alec Viner Pilkington Solomon</b>, son of Alfred Viner Solomon and
Minnie Pilkington, was born on 27 January 1879 in Sea Point, Cape Province and
died in 1942 in Cape Town, South Africa. He was an Accountant and Auditor. He
married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blanche Louise Rosamund Buyskes</b>
in 1908 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Blanche Louise Rosamund Buyskes
was born circa 1887 in South Africa and died on 15 June 1973 in Cape Town,
South Africa aged 86.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blanche Louise Rosamund Buyskes and Alec Viner Pilkington Solomon had
the following children</b>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Margaret Minnie Solomon</b> (1908-2008). Margaret was born in
October 1908 in South Africa. She died in March 2008 in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Joan Solomon</b> was born "abt 1910" in South Africa. She
married Dennis Watson. Joan and Dennis had two children.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Avis Solomon</b> was born in South Africa. She married Neville ?Alan
Whiley. She died in Cape Town. Avis had two children.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Alec Woodford Solomon</b> (1920?-1985). Alec was born in January
1920 (approx.) in South Africa. He was a Lieutenant, S.A. Navy (WW2) & Accountant/Finance
Administrator - SA Govt. in Cape Town. He was Church of England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alec married Christine Maxwell Delaney on 8
January 1946 in All Saints Church, Plumstead, Cape Town, South Africa. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Christine (Chris) was born in
Rutherglen, Lanarkshire Scotland in 1922. She was the daughter of Cornelius Maxwell
Delaney and Annie Cruickshanks. Chris died at the home of her daughter in
Stellenbosch on 2 January 2013.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Alex died on 11 October 1985 in
Fishoek, Cape Prov. South Africa and was cremated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at Cremation, Fishoek, Cape Prov. South Africa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Alec and Chris had 3 daughters,
of all whom married and had children of their own.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Shirley Viner Solomon </b>was born in Cape Town. She married Stanley Neville [Bunny]
Simpson and had two children, Lesley and Michael.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was an
identical twin to Beth (below).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6. Beth Solomon</b> (identical twin to Shirley - above). Beth was born
in Cape Town. She married Harry Wood and had two children. She died circa 2005
in Cape Town.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fourth Generation – the
children of Alfred Viner Solomon & Minnie Pilkington.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Alec Viner Solomon, </b>son of Alfred Viner and Minnie Pilkington
was born 1879 and died 1942.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Alfred Woodford Solomon</b>, son of Alfred Viner Solomon and Minnie
Pilkington was born 1880.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Nellie Maud Solomon</b>, daughter of Alfred Viner Solomon and Minnie
Pilkington was born 1881.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Minnie Solomon</b>, daughter of Alfred Viner & Minnie Pilkington
was born 1884 and died 1938.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Frank Middleton Solomon</b>, son of Alfred Viner Solomon and Minnie
Pilkington, was born on 4 August 1890. He was christened on 13 November 1890 in
St. Johns Anglican Church, Wynberg. It is possible that Frank was a Building
Developer as he bought a piece of land in 1946 in Main Road Diep River under
the company name of Frank Solomon and Co. (Pty) Ltd. Little else is known about
Frank at this time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fourth Generation – the
children of Mary Solomon and John Henry Brown.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Margaret Brown</b>, daughter of Dr. John Henry Brown and Mary Solomon,
married twice, first to Stanley F. Smith. and then L. Marriott-Earle.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Rachel [Ray] Brown</b>, daughter of Dr. John Henry Brown and Mary Solomon,
married James Dick and had a daughter Mollie Graham Dick.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Julia Brown</b>, daughter of Dr. John Henry Brown and Mary Solomon,
died in 1938. She married Pieter Hugo Naude.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
You may be wondering why my interest in the Solomon family. I suggest you take a look at my "Doris Moss, Napoleon and St Helena" blog. The Moss and Solomon families were related by marriage and were in business together and the time of Napoleon's exile on St Helena.<br />
<br />
<h3>
<b>If you wish to contact the author of the Solomon/Moss Family Archives blogs with comments or further information, please email Joy Olney at - joyolney@gmail.com</b></h3>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-8935875824932084912015-12-28T21:45:00.001-08:002021-01-20T02:23:49.871-08:00Nathaniel & Phoebe (de Metz) Solomon<b>http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<b> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1SQKIjLf0n5gm8FW1JP3JorL65asALtoc5yfBgz-Ea85BZC7G2LVprmJnFoM0kM95niQVg_NFywQ4BwWXuLka9lXBLtHuVZwjGVHkjF3MJd0EiXZkavZggoalVYdt1huiUD96EYgwPzo/s400/Phoebe+de+Mitz+1745-1834.jpg" width="257" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phoebe (de Metz) Solomon 1745 - 1834</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b></b></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>Nathaniel Solomon,</b> born 1735 in Margate, Kent, England and died 1793 in Kent, England.<b> </b>Nathaniel married <b>Phoebe de Metz</b> (born 1745 in Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands and died 19 February 1834 in Chatham, Kent, England) in 1760 in Margate, Kent, England. Phoebe Solomon married at 15, and believed to have had 18 children and many of them died in infancy. Pheobe was left a widow in 1793 at the age of 49, but lived to be an old woman at 89.<br />
<br />
Together they had 10 children:<br />
<b>Edward Solomon</b>, born 1774 in Margate, Kent, England and died 10 May 1855 in Southwark, Surrey, England. Edward married Rachel Joseph.<br />
<b>Charles Solomon</b>, born 1776 in Margate, Kent, England.<br />
<b>Saul Solomon</b>, born 25 December 1776 in Margate, Kent and died 6 December 1852 in "Eastwood", Portishead, Somerset, England. Saul married Mary Chamberlain 1815, Margaret Lee 1800 and Harriett Bryan 1823.<br />
<b>Benjamin Solomon</b>, born 1777 in Margate, Kent. Benjamin married Johanna Petronella du Plessis 1807.<br />
<b>Joseph Solomon</b>, born 1780 in England and died 1861 in Cape Town, South Africa. Joseph married Hannah Moss 1814.<br />
<b>Elizabeth Lenie Solomon</b>, born 1780 in Margate. Elizabeth married ?Isaacs.<br />
<b>Lewis Gideon Solomon</b>, born 1789 in Canterbury, Kent and died 10 May 1868 in Marybone, Middlesex, England. Lewis married Julia Magnus 1818.<br />
<b>Deborah Solomon,</b> born 1793 in London, Middlesex, England.<br />
<b>Hanna Solomon</b>.<br />
<b>Richard Solomon</b>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Saul, Joseph and Lewis Solomon </b>were prominent businessmen in St Helena. Refer to further blogs about their activities in St Helena and South Africa.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You may be wondering why my interest in the Solomon family. I suggest you take a look at my blog on "Doris Moss, Napoleon and St Helena". The Moss and Solomon families were related through marriage and were in business together. They were living on St Helena at the time of Napoleon's exile there.</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIuLz82h1Gb-2fnnYjAmipYM15FBy0iBpDRPg7CH_2rPl27rz9FYGf2F0t8jrK1Goz6RVkkIuV3C1qtuRijkialOGHCo46gjqBZxwdOSlYbi2BDaCJWvKkFYEJjmOX7YE2e4rocp3wWh8/s1600/Phoebe+%2528De+Metz%2529+Solomon+1745-1834.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIuLz82h1Gb-2fnnYjAmipYM15FBy0iBpDRPg7CH_2rPl27rz9FYGf2F0t8jrK1Goz6RVkkIuV3C1qtuRijkialOGHCo46gjqBZxwdOSlYbi2BDaCJWvKkFYEJjmOX7YE2e4rocp3wWh8/s640/Phoebe+%2528De+Metz%2529+Solomon+1745-1834.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tombstone for Phoebe Solomon 1745-1834. Thankyou Kirsten for supplying the photos.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje-z3WWXhtM2j49UeojqL4dcV_QSweVUtYLV7_Ib0NPXGWq8wvP138XnCbIchPd_osSL90eGuQsQJAm7b83lCG0ipzZRZFGDW6iKvZvaFUsDDltraqfd4ghepQR4zlrLUU-SdkfBpr5o0/s1600/Chatham+Memorial+Synagogue+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje-z3WWXhtM2j49UeojqL4dcV_QSweVUtYLV7_Ib0NPXGWq8wvP138XnCbIchPd_osSL90eGuQsQJAm7b83lCG0ipzZRZFGDW6iKvZvaFUsDDltraqfd4ghepQR4zlrLUU-SdkfBpr5o0/s400/Chatham+Memorial+Synagogue+%25282%2529.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chatham Memorial Synagogue, Rochester, Kent</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibp5ACgkt0EL8fnOdd1w5wNVEh7BVdAlO_rWGRRUNASd53ege-OC-f5zOmcAFPuFP6tMseMdZgzVthE4V6T25Ove7Bv_wLD6if-aiih5aVo_7ngszlHmUBRLVyeABpH6Pjj5Hh4oyAUkw/s1600/Phoebe+Solomon+on+left+1745-19+Feb+1834.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibp5ACgkt0EL8fnOdd1w5wNVEh7BVdAlO_rWGRRUNASd53ege-OC-f5zOmcAFPuFP6tMseMdZgzVthE4V6T25Ove7Bv_wLD6if-aiih5aVo_7ngszlHmUBRLVyeABpH6Pjj5Hh4oyAUkw/s400/Phoebe+Solomon+on+left+1745-19+Feb+1834.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Phoebe Solomon (nee De Metz) tombstone standing on left hand side.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<b></b><br />
<h3>
<b>If you wish to contact the author of the Solomon/Moss Family Archives blogs with comments or further information, please email Joy Olney at - joyolney@gmail.com</b></h3>
<h3>
<b>If you are interested in the Solomon & Moss families I suggest you also go to the Olney Family Archives at http://olneyfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au </b></h3>
<h3>
<b> </b></h3>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-18008411829169597762015-12-21T03:35:00.001-08:002021-01-20T02:24:26.209-08:00Saul Solomon - the Merchant King of St Helena.<b>https://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLUD3X0eXl-KCJKZnI2MiNs6dUU445ZcAZbkd3VT3XxIYPEaLDFjbWxvgZUmvKJVMMnLYhzoNtaP8N4WF8bUf3qkGMk_gedA2VsO9Ohxi7nAvet0cqnCQJqTAHN0WHkIo1QfBzCRddcd4/s320/Saul+Solomon+1776-1852+King+of+St+Helena.jpg" width="249" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Saul Solomon 1776 - 1852</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Saul Solomon </b>(born 1776 in England and died 1852 in England) was one of 10 children of Nathaniel & Phoebe (de Metz) Solomon<b>.</b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon married</b> <b>his first wife Margaret Lee</b> (born 1 October 1792 in St Helena, South Atlantic and died June 1815. She was buried on 14 June 1815)<b>. </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b>Saul Solomon and Margaret Lee were married 1800 in St Helena and together had 7 children:</b><br />
<b>Benjamin Solomon</b> born 23 June 1801.<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon </b>born 20 May 1804 in St Helena.<b> Phoebe married Captain Thomas Montgomery Hunter </b>of the St Helena Artillery on 15 October 1823. From the years 1824 - 1834 Phoebe and Thomas produced five children: Ann, Montgomery, Highland, Orby and Grace Hunter.<b></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Henry Robert Solomon </b>(born 1806 and died 1847 in St Helena). He was the Colonial Surgeon & Health Officer in St Helena. <b></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Miriam Solomon</b> born 8 July 1808 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>John Blenham Solomon</b> born 2 December 1810 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Margaret Sarah Solomon</b> born 5 January 1813 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Lee Solomon</b> born 29 March 1815 in St Helena and died December 1891 in Cape Town, South Africa.<br />
<br />
It appears that <b>Miriam Solomon</b> at the age of 56, a Spinster, is recorded as Parent to <b>Ada Annie Solomon</b> on her Baptism document in 1870. <b>Witnesses were Henry & Susan Solomon and Ann Knipe</b>. Ada Annie Solomon was born on St Helena in 1865, married John Dunstan and died in Maitland, Cape Town in 1926. It was probably Miriam who secretly brought her father's body back to St Helena for burial.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon married his second wife, Mary Chamberlain </b>(born 1790 in St Helena and died June 1823 in St Helena. Mary was buried on 24 June 1823 in St Helena).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon and Mary Chamberlain married 2 December 1815 and together had two children:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon</b> born 12 August 1818 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Nathaniel Lee Solomon</b> born 5 June 1822 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon married his third wife, Harriet Bryan</b> (born 1800 in St Helena).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon and Harriet Bryan were married 24 June 1823</b> (the day his previous wife was buried).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Together they had two children:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mary Chamberlain Solomon (1825 - 1828) in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
William Solomon (1827 - ?) in St Helena. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
About the year 1796 a young Jew aged twenty landed at St Helena from an East India Company ship. He was ill and dying but he rallied and eventually opened up a business in the island. He was joined a few years later by his brother Joseph Solomon who was followed by his future wife Hannah Moss. These two young Jews, Saul and Joseph Solomon, established a business which remains in St Helena to this day. The Solomon and Moss families were also in business together.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The business at St Helena prospered, in many ways due to the introduction to St Helena of Napoleon after the Battle of Waterloo as he was exiled there from 1815 until his death in 1821. Saul Solomon was known as the "Merchant King of St Helena".</div>
<br />
<br />
<h2 align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Information about Saul Solomon (1776-1852) as recorded in family letters and on the Internet.</b></h2>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From “St Helena - who’s who or a directory of the island during
captivity of Napoleon”.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon (1776-1852)</b>, the founder of the business house in St
Helena at the time of Napoleon’s exile in St. Helena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Solomon, with his 2 brothers, Lewis and
Joseph, was engaged in business at Jamestown as a Store-Keeper and Lodging
House-Keeper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His house was the Resort
of many who came to the island and in the days of the captivity news thus
received from Europe was transmitted to the inhabitants of the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house of Solomon was also frequently the
medium through which clandestine correspondence was sent from Longwood to
Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The firm of Solomon still
flourishes, and is the only one in St Helena which can trace an unbroken line
since the days of Napoleon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul Solomon
died on December 6<sup>th</sup> 1852 at Eastwood, Portishead, near Bristol, the
residence of his son-in-law, Captain Thomas Montgomery Hunter and husband of his
daughter Phoebe Elizabeth Solomon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From notes by Mary Brown, daughter of Henry Solomon (1816-1900) born in
St Helena.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It is to be my privilege and
honour to pass on to a younger generation some information regarding some
memories of the Grandparents (Joseph & Hannah Solomon) whose sons and
grandsons have associated their names with the history and development of this
Country (South Africa), and who nearly eighty years ago made their home in this
neighbourhood. Why and how they migrated hither, must be told later; it arose
out of the settling, years before, of the eldest brother Saul Solomon in the
island of St.Helena. The date of this we do not know, but we gather certain
facts from an old Hebrew Prayer-book in my possession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This states that the said Saul Solomon was
born on December 25th 1776, that his first wife (Margaret Lee) died in 1815, that
seven children were born of this marriage, all at St Helena except one,
Margaret, who was born in London in 1813 at West Square. In 1808 Saul received
this same Prayer-book, the gift of his dear Mother by the Europe Store-ship on
4th July 1808.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The story is that as a young man
this <b>Saul Solomon (1776-1852)</b> was landed, ill of fever, at St Helena from an
East Indian man, bound probably for India, but of this we are not certain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was expected he would die at sea, and
fearing this, instructions were given to land him at the island, where the vessel
also put in for water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here he
recovered, and seeing the possibilities of trade with the East India Company’s
merchantmen which made St Helena a port of call on their outward and homeward
bound voyages he began a business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus
was established the <b>Commercial House</b> known for years afterwards as the firm of
<b>“Solomon & Moss”</b>, which continues to the present day.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul Solomon was joined in this
business later by his brother Joseph (1780-1861), our grandfather, who was
followed by his future wife Hannah Moss (1793-1858) and married probably about
the year 1814-1815 as their eldest son Henry was born in April 1816.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(First born child Nathaniel Solomon born
& died June 1815). Here the families lived gaining considerable wealth and
confidence and owning valuable properties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was in the year (some of which still remain in the families of the
Solomon & Moss) 1815 that the British Government secured Longwood, St
Helena, as the residence of Napoleon and the stationing of French and British
officers, in the island not only increased its importance but brought into it
much brilliant social life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon (1776-1852) known as the</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“King of St.Helena”</b> was a man of
character and influence and various stories were told to us as children, of his
kindness of heart, his generous hospitality and his conveying courtesy to
strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those long ago days his
house was the centre and the style kept in his household was lavish and
luxurious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By his second wife (Mary
Chamberlain b1790) he had a son Nathaniel (1822-1874) and daughter Isabella
(Saul? 1818-1861), these were our father’s (Henry’s 1816-1900) contemporaries
and are prominent in our memories of childhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cousin Nat inheriting many of the kindly qualities of his father endeared
him to the then younger generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Among the stories that specially interested us, as told by my father
were these.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The general stage Saul Solomon’s
(1776-1852) house was extravagant and amongst the household property were some
valuable silver plates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the occasion
of a visit of a British celebrity to the island, the Governor desired to borrow
this plate for use at a banquet given by him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“I regret not lending it” said old Saul Solomon “as I am entertaining
your guest the following evening and it might be thought that I had borrowed
your plate”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Amongst Napoleon’s ardent sympathisers and admirers was Mr Solomon
(1776-1852), and it is said he contrived at the attempted escape of the Emperor
from St.Helena.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The plot was laid,
the boat waiting at the foot of a precipitous cliff to convey the illustrious
prisoner to an out-lying vessel and a cleverly constructed ladder of silken
rope, strong and light, introduced into the island, no doubt in some
merchandise and had been conveyed in a teapot from Saul Solomon to Longwood,
and received by those in the scheme.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Happily for the peace of Europe when all seemed ready, the “silken
ladder” was discovered and the escape frustrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These and my father’s talk of the French
soldiers, the occupation of Longwood by Napoleon, his death and burial, and
being lifted as a little child to see the great man lying in state, the bending
of our Grandmother to kiss the dead hand of the Emperor, all made an impression
on our minds that never faded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he
used to tell us how he learned to speak French from the French guard who
praised his smartness and memory.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
But to return to Saul Solomon
(1776-1852).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the eldest of four
brothers, Joseph (1780-1861), Benjamin (1777-?) and Edward (1774-1855), are the
ones of whom we have knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph
and his wife Hannah came to Cape Town from St Helena in the year 1831.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have this from a letter from my father in
which he says “the first person to meet us our arrival at the Cape in 1831 was
our old St Helena friend, the father of Captain Anderson of Green Point”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus judging from my father’s birth in 1816,
the family of Joseph (our grandfather) remained in St Helena some 15 or 16
years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From notes by Mary Brown, daughter of Henry Solomon born 1816 in St
Helena.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brothers Saul (1776-1852) & Joseph Solomon (1780-1861) arrived in
St.Helena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph & Hannah (nee
Moss) Solomon & sons, Henry (1816-1900), Saul (1817-1892) & Edward
(1820-1886).</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
About the year 1796 a young Jew
aged twenty landed at St.Helena from an East India Company ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was ill and supposed to be dying, but he
rallied and eventually opened up a business in the island where he was joined a
few years later by his brother Joseph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These two young Jews, Saul and Joseph Solomon, established a business
which remains at St.Helena to this day.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1806 Saul Solomon received a
Hebrew Prayer Book by a store-ship from his dear mother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is from this prayer-book that the date of
Saul’s birth – 1776 is taken.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
All we know of their mother is
that her name was Phoebe de Metz (1745-1834), the wife of Nathaniel Solomon
(1735-1760), she was married at the age of 14, had eighteen children, some of
whom died in infancy, was left a widow while still young and died at the age of
one hundred and four (I believe it should be 84), she lived in much competency
in London, and to her care were sent two little grandsons (Henry & Saul)
from St.Helena, but of this later.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A miniature of this old lady is
in my possession, it was bought by me from a grand-daughter of hers, who in
reduced circumstances was living in Cape Town. The names of some of Phoebe’s
daughters will be found in a letter in this Hebrew prayer-book, which is also
in my possession.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1814 Joseph Solomon married
Hannah Moss, who came to St.Helena from England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had been betrothed before he left
England. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The business at St.Helena
prospered in many ways due to the introduction to St.Helena of Napoleon after
Waterloo, and to its being a port of call for the East India Company’s ships
both going to and returning from India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In later years Saul Solomon (b1776) was known as the “Merchant King of
St Helena”, but as these notes have special reference to Joseph we shall
continue then on these lines. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In the year 1816 was born the
eldest son of Joseph and Hannah.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
named Henry and in 1817 a second son Saul was born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two little lads at the ages of five and
six were sent to their grandmother Phoebe in London under the care of an
efficient soldier’s wife travelling by troop ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two little boys remained under their
Grandmother’s care until about the ages of twelve and thirteen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were brought up in the strictest Jewish
faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of my Father’s remembrances
of this I have given elsewhere. The other children born to Joseph and Hannah
were Richard (1818), Edward (1820), Isabella (1826), Margaret (1828) and
Benjamin (1819), one girl Rosa died at St.Helena. (Nathaniel was born 3 June
1815 and died 4 June 1815).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1831 Joseph migrated with his
family to the Cape, where there would be better opportunities for his sons in
life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two elder were about twelve
and thirteen when they returned to St.Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The St Helena Solomon's and their connections monopolised the
prestigious albeit non-salaried post of Sheriff on the island:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul Solomon snr 1839-1842 and
1846-1850; his brother Lewis Gideon (who had taken on a new surname) 1842-1844
and 1852-1856; his son Nathaniel 1853-1855 and 1859-1860; his partner George
Moss 1870-1880; and his other son Saul jnr 1880-1888.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biographical Details
for Saul Solomon: (Extract from article via Internet)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul's wish to return to St.
Helena was honoured in a rather bizarre sequel, revealed by Mrs. Harriet Tytler
sailing home from India in 1853 on the S.V. “Camperdown”:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The remains of Mr. Saul Solomon arrived on
2nd March 1853 - on the “Perseverance”. At the Cape we …… took in fresh
passengers, among them a Miss Solomon. ….. who confided to some of us a burden
on her mind .... <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unknown to everybody
she had brought her father's corpse on the ship to have it buried on his
beloved St. Helena. The burden was a terrible one, for fear that if the sailors
found it out, they would chuck her father overboard. Of course we were all
under vow not to disclose the terrible fact of a corpse on board, so that when
we reached St. Helena and the contents of that case were safely landed, her
brother Nathaniel came on board and... invited us to his hotel as guests.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
If the Camperdown's crew were
unaware of the contents of Miss Solomon's luggage, people at St. Helena were
not. Both local papers, recording the death of "our late Sheriff in
London"[sic], had announced that he was to be buried on the Island, the “St.
Helena Chronicle” reporting on 19 February "that his remains are at the
Cape". Saul was buried on 4 March 1853 in St. James Church, Jamestown, St.
Helena Island. FHL Film No. 1259107, Gravestones and Memorials on St. Helena
1686-1975. The tombstone for Saul Solomon is as follows: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sacred to the Memory of S. Solomon, Esq. who
died in England on the Sixth of December 1852 Aged 76 years”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
If one man dominates St. Helena's
history it must, according to 'the outside world', surely be Napoleon
Bonaparte. But the experience of daily life tells St. Helenians differently.
Long before Napoleon arrived, Saul Solomon had founded a business that, after
200 years, still wields all-pervasive influence over their affairs. Yet the
founder is as little known as St. Helena's other benefactors. So what can a
search, far from Island sources, reveal about St. Helena's
"Merchant-King"? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Solomon's origins seem mantled in
mystery. Where and when he was born, why and how he reached St. Helena, no-one
yet knows. Tradition has it that he was born in London about 1776 and in his
'teens set out for India on a ship sailing via St. Helena. There he was left at
death's door and nursed back to health by an officer's family. Geoffrey
Kitching, pre-war government secretary, told W.E.G.Solomon that he was a
corporal in the St. Helena Corps in 1796. But the India Office Library has no
record of this.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
During Saul's business, career
ships increased from about 150 to over a thousand a year, St. Helena became a
haven for American whalers and a base for the Royal Navy's anti-slavery
squadron, with a Vice-Admiralty Court condemning slavers and unseaworthy
vessels to the benefit of Jamestown's ship chandlers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Solomon had funds for speculation
when it mattered, which perhaps explains partners such as the shadowy Dickson
and Taylor, George Janisch of Teutonic Hall, and Robert Morrison, who had the
fact inscribed on his grave in 1865. (Daniel Hamilton's memorial in 1867 also
records service to the Company). But when calamity fell, like the collapse of
the St. Helena Whale Fishery Co., it was rivals, Thomas Baker, John Scott and
others, who lost, not Solomon, Gideon or Moss. Ironically, forty years later
his successors ignored, or were ignorant of, this experience and made a
disastrous investment in the Island whaler, Elizabeth. If Saul speculated
unwisely, it has yet to be discovered. At the watershed of St. Helena history -
the Island's transfer from the Company to the Crown in 1836 - he was again
among the winners, as old Company landed families sold out at great loss, while
merchants took their pickings and prospered.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul was no less skilful in
climbing the social ladder as the Napoleonic era receded. Despite being 'in
trade', which normally put one beyond the pale of polite society, he and his
partners were invited to sit with 'gentlemen' on various committees - Benefit,
Benevolent, Fire and those of other social welfare societies. Solomon, Gideon
and Moss virtually ran the Annuity Fund Committee. Indicators abound of rising
social status. In 1823 Saul's daughter Phoebe married Capt. T.M.Hunter of the
St. Helena Artillery; in 1838 his son Henry (1806-1847) became Colonial Surgeon
and Health Officer, whose widow married Governor Sir Patrick Ross; they were
leading Freemasons, churchwardens and JPs. For 50 years they almost monopolised
the prestigious post of Sheriff ("no salary") through Saul Solomon
(1839-42, 1846-50), Lewis Gideon [changed his name from Solomon] (1842-4,
1852-6), Nathaniel Solomon (1850-52, 1859-60), George Moss (1870-80) and Saul
Solomon, jun. (1880-88). In short, during the founder's lifetime, Solomon &
Co. became pillars of the Establishment and of the Church, to be symbolised
finally by Homfray Welby Solomon (1877-1960), grandson of Bishop Welby,
Churchwarden and Member of Council (from 1898), commercial and social Island
Supremo - "King Sol". His death on 30 October 1960 at 83 ended the
Solomon dynasty at St. Helena, and in 1974 the firm, dominating Island
production and commerce, was 'nationalised' by the St. Helena Government. Among
his Victorian competitors only W.A.Thorpe & Sons now survive as independent
merchant-landowners.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul was undertaker at many
Anglican funerals, in 1818 at that of Napoleon's Roman Catholic valet,
Cipriani."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In 1971, inside St James’s
Church, St Helena by the north wall is the following gravestone inscription: Sacred
to the Memory of S. Solomon, Esq. who died in England on the Sixth of December
1852. Aged 76 years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“ Who's who in Jewish
history: after the period of the Old Testament” by Joan Comay, Lavinia
Cohn-Sherbok.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
On his way from England to India
at the age of twenty, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon (1775
- 1850)</b> became ill and was put ashore on the Indian Ocean island of St. Helena.
He became the leading merchant and ships purveyor on the island and an intimate
of Napoleon during his years of exile there. His nephew, also Saul Solomon (d.
1892), was educated in Cape Town and became the government printer and a
leading newspaper publisher. Although tiny in stature, he was an influential
member of the Cape legislator and its most effective debater. He married a
non-Jew and was baptized. Other members of the family, all Christians, played a
prominent part in South African life, and included a chief justice and the
South African high commissioner in London.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“In search of Saul Solomon of St Helena 1776-1852”</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul married Margaret Lee in
circa 1800. After Margaret's death, he married Mary Chamberlain in 1815 in
Saint Helena, South Atlantic. In 1815 Saul was living at Armstrong's Corner,
St. Helena. Mary died in June 1823 in St. Helena and Saul then married for a
third time, a Harriet BRYAN on 24 June 1823 in St. Helena.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul died of softening of the
brain, paralysis, apoplexy, 9 months certified on 6 December 1852 in 'Eastwood'
in Portishead, Bristol, England. His death certificate gave his age as 75 and
occupation "Consul", reflecting his appointments as "Consul for
Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, the Brazils, Spain and Austria; Vice-Consul for
Belgium; Consular Agent for France; and Commercial Agent for Holland."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul's body was returned to St.
Helena where he was buried at the north wall of St. James' Church. The
graveyard has since been cleared to make way for a children's playground but
Saul's gravestone still survives and reads "Sacred to the Memory of S.
Solomon, Esq., who died in England." </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </div>
<br />
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon</b> founded a business empire that has dominated
commercial life on St. Helena for more than two centuries.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Tradition says he was born in
London in about 1776, and set sail for India in 1790. The ship dropped anchor
off the port of Jamestown and young man was carried ashore to die. The ship
sailed on and the young man, Saul Solomon, remained, not to die, but to become
one of the most influential men on the island. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a very short time he recovered his health
and, seeing the possibility of trade with the many ships that called on their
way to and from India and the Cape, he set himself up in business, initially as
a hotel-keeper but soon on a much broader basis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
His business is thought to have
been founded in the year of his arrival, when young Saul set up a boarding
house and general store. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later he
included an insurance business and also installed the island’s first printing
press, printing the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“St. Helena
Register”</b> newspaper. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also served
as undertaker. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early success meant a
need for people to help run the business, so <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">he sent for his</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">brothers,
Benjamin, Edward, Charles and Joseph.</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A
family called Moss came too, remaining</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">prominent
members of the business for many years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph married Hannah Moss in 1814 in St</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Helena. Hannah’s brother, Isaac Moss
arrived and later lived in Longwood House where Napoleon</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">lived before his death.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul was clearly quite a non-conformist. In
1810 he was directed to “print no more objectionable remarks in the Register
without permission of the Secretary”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Napoleon arrived on the island in
1815 and Solomon’s readily traded with the deposed emperor’s entourage at
Longwood. Profits rose, though there were frequent complaints about
over-charging; for example, the company charged 1,400 gold francs for the
funeral of Napoleon’s valet.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul Solomon also earned a
reputation for questionable loyalty to the island government. Hudson Lowe listed
the Solomon brothers, with their clerk ex-soldier George Bruce, as the chief
suspects of aiding Napoleon. Solomon’s premises (in what is now the Rose &
Crown shop in Market Street) became notorious for gossip and intrigue. He was
even said to have smuggled a silken ladder into Longwood in a chest of tea (or,
another variant says, in a teapot) to help Napoleon clamber down a cliff into a
waiting boat! Certainly Longwood’s clandestine correspondence passed through
his hands - at a price. In 1840, as French Consul, he was among the favoured
few to accompany Napoleon’s coffin aboard the Belle Poule. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He received a medal for his services to the emperor</b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
One of his many business
activities was the forwarding of mail dropped off by calling ships. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
At one time, Solomon issued its
own copper halfpennies, which circulated alongside the East India Company
coinage. The business continued to prosper as the island became a haven for
American whalers and a base for the anti-slavery squadron.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon died in 1852</b> on a visit to England. His daughter
managed to get his body to the Cape, where she smuggled it aboard a ship bound
for St. Helena. The two island newspapers praised his memory fulsomely. “We
have many living witnessed to his kindness to the distressed and suffering,”
wrote the St. Helena Herald, welcoming the news that he was to be buried on the
island. An executor’s sale took place ‘under the trees’ in Jamestown in 1854,
at which “a rare selection of most desirable dwelling places” were auctioned,
including The Briars and The Pavilion, once home to Napoleon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Saul Solomon’s modest gravestone
was among those rescued when the burial ground in Jamestown was cleared in 1951
to become a children’s playground. The inscription revealed nothing of
Solomon’s life, beyond the date of his death, aged 76.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Over time, family members rose to
prominent roles, including on benevolent committees. For 50 years they almost
monopolised the prestigious post of Sheriff. The last of the family line,
Homfray Welby Solomon, died in 1960. The business was taken over by South
African entrepreneurs, then nationalised and part-privatised, as it remains
today, still bearing the name “Solomon’s”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<h3 align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Extracts from “Betsy and the Emperor” by Anne Whitehead re Saul
Solomon & Longwood House.</b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 5</b> .….. In 1815, William Balcombe had his official duties as
superintendent of public sales for the Company but also his separate interests
as senior partner in the firm Balcombe, Cole and Company, supplying vessels
calling at Jamestown<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul Solomon, proprietor with his brothers
Lewis and Joseph</b> of the town’s only emporium – ladies fashions, fabrics,
lace, jewellery and rosewater – studied the papers for trends, knowing that
styles would be half a year out of date by the time their order arrived
(allowing three months for the requisition and three for the despatch) but that
this did not matter to the ladies of St Helena as long as they kept pace with
one another……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 9</b>……The immediate issues were housing and catering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The official ‘Secret letter’ stated that any
residence on the island could be allocated for Bonaparte, ‘with the exception
of the Governor’s Plantation House’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Wilks learned from the captain of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Icarus</i> that a retinue was coming with the prisoner, not only his
officers and servants but also some aristocratic Frenchwomen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He thought <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood House</b>, the lieutenant-governor’s isolated summer
residence, could be a possibility, but it was badly in need of repairs….</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 10</b> …… With the fleet imminently arriving under the command of
the rear-admiral, there would also be another 200 sailors and soldiers and the
massive logistical exercise of feeding them all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the island’s food came from the Cape
of Good Hope and shortages were chronic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It would be a challenge for the commissary-general and store-keeper, who
allocated provisions brought by the twice yearly store-ship, and for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomons Merchants</b> and William
Balcombe, the Company sales agent with a providore business on the side.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In fact, the merchants recognised
splendid commercial opportunities in the new situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Balcombe was pleased; as well as his
providore business, he owned the Union brewery supplying beer to the garrison,
and has an orchard and large vegetable garden at his home, The Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would soon, like the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomons</b>, take advantage of the increase in the island’s population
by doubling his prices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there were
negative implications for the merchants as well: with the island removed from
the jurisdiction of the East India Company and patrolled by the Royal Navy,
ships of other flags would be unable to call for water, victualling and
trading, thereby limiting business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, Balcombe was a man who looked in every setback for an
opportunity and usually succeeded in finding one ……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 32 – 33</b> …… Admiral Cockburn elected to stay at the castle,
where he had access to the warships in the bay, rather than be a guest at
Plantation House, the governor’s mansion out of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was determined that Bonaparte permanent
home would be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood House</b>, up on
the high plateau, remote enough to serve as a prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has recently been occupied by the
lieutenant-governor and his family as a summer retreat from the humidity of
Jamestown, but its earlier use was as a cattle house and barn, to which some
rough additions had been made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
dilapidated and at least two months’ work would be needed before it could be
acceptable accommodation ……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 42</b> …… I walked past the Consulate Hotel down the steep main
street, at the bottom of which the RMS St Helena, still at anchor, was framed
in the town wall’s archway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With some
surprise I noted the sign <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Solomon &
Company”</b> on a substantial building – the largest island merchant during
Napoleon’s captivity and apparently still …...</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 63 …. </b>The canaries and Java sparrows Betsy described –
brought by East India Company ships had gone, but Indian mynahs flittered about
in squabbling, fussy numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A former
resident of The Briars was responsible for the preponderance of these drab
little creatures all over the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
1868, Miss Phoebe Moss brought a cage of six mynahs from England and released
them in The Briars’ garden, imagining they might feast on the invasive white
ants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crumbling ruin that the house
became testified to the fact that they did not ……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 74</b> ….. Mesdames Fanny Bertrand and Albine de Montholon had
little to do each day but read, sew, watch their children play in the castle
gardens, and find new ways of quarrelling with each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During breaks in hostilities they visited <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon’s store</b> in the vague hope
of finding something interesting to purchase. They were a popular sight from
the doors of the taverns, wine houses and hostels, teetering on dainty Parisian
heels up Jamestown’s cobbled main street, holding lace trimmed parasols aloft to
protect their complexions. Their ensembles in satin and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mousseline do soie</i> (silk muslin) were the latest in Empire fashion,
and Albine’s hourglass shape belied her new pregnancy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encased in whalebone corsets, the ladies
found the summer hear unendurable.…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 75</b> …... A welcome distraction came with the news that Admiral
Sir. George Cockburn was to host a ball at the castle in late November.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The local society people would attend, and
also the military and ships officers, one of whom wrote that if Sir George ‘can
find the ladies, of course we shall go there’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The real excitement was that the French were to be invited, including
their diabolical leader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whom among the
local ladies might he ask for a quadrille? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At
Solomon’s store</b> and along the promenade they talked of little else…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 76 – 78</b> …... As the day drew closer, Betsy’s own excitement
could barely be contained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had been
in boarding school for years and had never attended such a grand occasion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She would need a new dress and chattered
about fabrics and designs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, her
father ruled that she was too young; Jane could go, but Betsy must wait for at
least a year before coming out into society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She resolved to change his mind.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Written invitations from the
castle duly arrived for Napoleon and all his French companions except the
domestics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there was a major problem
with the wording.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 14 November, which
happened to be his birthday, Gourgaud made a glum entry in his journal: ‘We
receive invitations to the Admiral’s Ball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is one for “General Bonaparte”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Napoleon promptly refused it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
said he did not know of such a person on the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Send this card to General Buonaparte’, he
told Bertrand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The last news I heard of
him was at the Battle of the Pyramids’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Betsy was still desperate to go,
and pleaded with Napoleon to intercede with her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He surprised her by arguing her case, and
Balcombe relented. Soon she and Jane were paying a visit to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon’s store</b> with their mother to
choose silks, muslins and ribbons and to pore over the London fashions in “The
Lady’s Magazine”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsy was entranced
with the design for her dress, which was to be appliqued with delicate paper
roses.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
One evening, as was their
frequent habit, Napoleon and Las Cases came to The Briar’ house after dinner
for a game of whist, with sugar plums as stakes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The senior Balcombes were unaccountably
absent – Mrs Balcombe, who suffered from recurrent hepatitis, may have retired
early – but the little card table was set up in the parlour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon and Jane were to play together
against the ill-matched partnership of Betsy and the count.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The cards were muddled and Las
Cases was instructed to sort them into suits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>While the former chamberlain was occupied with this fiddly task,
Napoleon asked Betsey about her <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">robe de
bal</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was inordinately proud of
the new gown, her first, and had him to thank that she would be wearing it to
the castle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She ran upstairs and
fetched, showing off the fine needlework and appliqued paper roses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Very pretty’ he said.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Las Cases returned to the table
with the sorted deck, so Betsy placed the dress on the sofa and the game
began. It was soon clear that Napoleon was not abiding by the rules.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsy caught him ‘peeping under his cards as
they were dealt to him, he endeavoured whenever he got an important one to draw
off my attention, and then slyly held it up for my sister to see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I soon discovered this and, calling him to
order, told him he was cheating, and that if he continued to do so, I would not
play’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
At the end of the hand, Napoleon
claimed to be the winner; when Betsy disputed this, he laughed and declared
that she was the cheat and should pay what she owed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
‘Never! You revoked! You cheated!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
At this Napoleon jumped up and,
calling her wicked (‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ah, you are merhante</i>!’),
snatched up her ball drew from the sofa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He ran from the room with it and up to the pavilion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She gasped in astonishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then she set off up the path in pursuit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was too quick, darting through the
marquee and locking himself in the inner room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Despite her remonstrances and tears, he called through the door that he
was keeping the dress to teach her a lesson.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The ball was the following
evening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was no sign of Napoleon
throughout the day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsy sent several
begging messages to the pavilion but was told that the emperor was sleeping and
could not be disturbed. Neither of her parents was willing to approach
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because she was not yet of an age
to ‘come out’ into society, they had not wanted her to go in the first place;
nor would they have wished to engage their distinguished guest on such a
frivolous matter – although they must have wondered why he bothered with it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The day wore on and at last the
hour arrived for their departure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
horses were brought around and the young slave boys loaded the tine cases
holding the ladies’ silks and satins – but not Betsy’s beautiful gown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her mother and sister would be able to change
into their evening finery at the castle and she would still be wearing her
plain little house dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time
they reached the gate she was inclined to return home, but then Napoleon came
running across the grass with her gown over his arm. ‘Here, Miss Betsee, I have
brought it for you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope you are a
good girl now and that you will enjoy the ball.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He walked beside their horses until they came
to the end of the bridle track which joined the Sidepath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He asked idly about a farmhouse he noticed
far below. As they waved goodbye he called out toe Betsy: ‘Make sure that you
dance with Gourgaud!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The emperor was
mocking her as usual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She detested
Gourgaud …..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
…..Gourgaud was discomforted to
be greeted by their host Admiral Cockburn, who requested – with a firmness
sounded like an order – that he should book the first quadrille with Mrs
Balcombe, the second with Betsy Balcombe and the third with Miss Knipe, a
farmer’s daughter…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 86 – 88</b> ….. For weeks Napoleon had observed the fatique
parties of the 53<sup>rd</sup> Regiment as they wound around the mountais to
the beat of fifes and drums, building materials on their shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now they were no longer heaving stone blocks
and timers, but rather furniture, rugs and pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood
House</b> would soon be ready for occupation…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Bertrand visited <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b> and reported that the house
smelled badly of paint. Betsy would ‘never forget the fury of the
emperor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He walked up and down the lawn,
gesticulating in the wildest manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
rage was so great that it almost chocked him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He declared that the smell of paint was so obnoxious to him that he
would never inhabit a house where it existed’…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 94 - 95</b>….. The garden at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b>,
with agapanthus and iris flower and the Tricolore flapping on the flagpole, is
attractively wooded now, but was bare and unsheltered when the French were
installed in December 1815.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon was
partly responsible for the improvement; in 1818, after three years of boredom,
he began work, digging and planting out in the sun in loose trousers and a
Chinese coolie hat, saying: ‘One day, perhaps one hundred years from now,
people will visit this area and admire the garden’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Napoleon was five and a half
years at Longwood House, longer than he ever spent at any imperial residence,
for he used his palaces only between campaigns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Our tour group was guided through the rooms, shrines to the former emperor:
the billiard room where he rarely played billiards but spread his old campaign
maps on the table; the circular holes in the shutters were he squinted at
Governor Lowe and the British guards through his telescope; the huge globe of
the world, sepia with age, where the island of St Helena does not appear in the
Atlantic, allegedly rubbed out by a furious finger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is the dimly lit dining room where
meals were served with formal pomp, and the emperor’s little bedchamber and
sitting room, with his tricorne hat and a copy of the greatcoat he wore at the
Battle of Marengo displayed on the pink chaise lounge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We peered into the deep timber clad copper
bath in which he soaked for house, reading and fretting away his life.
‘Boredom,’ wrote Gourgaud in his journal, ‘boredom, boredom, sadness….’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most gloomy is the drawing room and the green
curtained campaign bed where Napoleon breathed his last on 5 May 1821.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Napoleon was unimpressed with the
renovations to the sprawling and rackety farmhouse, still infested with
rats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only part he cared for was the
new addition, an airy wooden reception hall with six windows and a small
lattice enclosed porch looking across to the Barn, dropping almost sheer to the
ocean far below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His narrow bedroom on
the ground floor adjoined a small study; an antechamber contained the one great
improvement to his comfort: a deep lead-lined bath made for him by ship’s
carpenters from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Northumberland </i>(later
replaced by an imported copper one), and filled from buckets heated over a fire
outside…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 96</b> …..Napoleon loathed the bare surrounding of Longwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was incesed to be told that he could walk
and ride freely in an area only 12 miles in circumference, much of it cut by
ravines and therefore unusable; beyond that limit he was to be accompanied by a
British officer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A complex code of
signals had been issued to every sentry post, tracking the prisoner’s daily
movements, whether inside the house, in the garden or within the 12 mile corden……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 99</b> …… Balcombe brought his wife and daughters to visit
Napoleon at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood House</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They found Napoleon sitting on the steps of
the green-latticed porch, chatting with young Tristan de Montholon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he saw them he came forward: ‘Running to
my mother, he saluted her on each cheek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After which fashion he welcomed my sister, but, as usual with me, he
seized me by the ear, and pinching it, exclaimed, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ah! Mademoiselle Betsee, etes-vous sage, eh eh</i>?” – “Are you being
good, eh?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
He took them on a tour of his
ironically dubbed ‘palace’, leading them first to his bedroom, which she found
small and cheerless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The walls were
covered in fluted nankeen fabric and the only decoration she observed were the
different portraits of his son and the Empress Marie Louise which she had seen
before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘His bed was the little camp
bestead, with green silk hangings, on which he said he had slept when on the
battlefields of Marengo and Austerlitz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The only thing approaching to magnificence in the furniture of his
chamber, was a splendid silver wash-basin and ewer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first object on which his eyes would rest
on awaking, was a small bust of his son, which stood on the mantelpiece, facing
his bed, and above which hung a portrait of Marie Louise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We then passed on, through an ante-room, to a
small chamber, in which a bath had been put up for his use, and where he passed
many hours of the day.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
They proceeded to the
stone-flagged kitchen, where Napoleon asked Pierron the confectioner to create
creams and bonbons for the girls; he then led them into the garden. Betsey
found the view dismal and forbidding; the overhanging cliffs and great hulk of
the Barn, the iron-coloured rocks scattered with prickly pear and aloes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Madame Bertrand had told Mrs Balcombe the
emperor stared for hours at the clouds rolling across it, wreathing into
fantastic shapes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Life for Napoleon and his court
at Longwood settled into a pattern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
rose late and soaked in a hot bath, revelling in this pleasure…... </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
After the informalities of The
Briars, meals were now observed with great pomp and ceremony and a nighty
tussle for precedence, the men in full dress uniform, the ladies resplendent in
jewels and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">decollete</i> gowns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The liveried servants stood at attention
throughout the meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one sat until
invited by the emperor…….</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 123</b> …… ‘I hate this <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b>,’
Napoleon fulminated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The sight of it
makes me melancholy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him (Lowe) put
me in some place where there is shade, verdure and water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here it either blows a furious wind, loaded
with rain and fog, or the sun beats on my head through the want of shade, when
I go out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him (Lowe) put me on the
Plantation House side of the island if he really wishes to do anything for me.
But what is the use of coming up here proposing things and doing nothing?’….</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 133</b> …… Lowe further restricted the boundary of Longwood and
commanded the 23 sentries to move close to the house at dusk, rather than at
9pm, denying the prisoner his evening stroll in the garden, for he refused to
go out under guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead Bonaparte
requested (not entirely seriously) that the servants did ditches around the
perimeter, eight or ten feet deep if necessary, so he could walk in privacy…..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 139</b> …… At Longwood, Bonaparte huddled by the fire, suffering
toothache and a cold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘What a miserable
thing is man!’ he exclaimed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The
smallest fibre in his body, assailed by disease, is sufficient to derange his
whole system.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He marvelled that his
body was a most ‘curious machine … and perhaps I may be confined in it for
thirty years longer’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
O’Meara, who extracted the tooth,
thought not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He informed the governor
that in his view if Bonaparte continued to stay indoors and refused to take
exercise he would become ill and ‘in all probability his existence in St Helena
would not be protracted for more than a year or two’. Low asked him to make
note of his opinion, cautioning the doctor that in writing it, he ‘must bear in
mind that the life of one man was not to be put into competition with the
mischief which he might cause were he to get loose’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Betsy Balcombe sneaked a visit to Longwood
with her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon said that he
wished he could return to The Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Betsy found him less amiable than usual, his face swollen and inflamed.
He told me “Mr. O’Meara had just performed the operation of drawing a tooth,
which caused him some pain”. Betsy exclaimed, “What!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You complain of the pain so trifling an
operation can give?” She said “he astonished her, he who had survived countless
battles and bullets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am ashamed of
you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, nevertheless, give me the
tooth and I will get it set by Mr. Solomon as an ear-ring and wear it for your
sake”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The idea made him laugh heartily,
in spite of his suffering, and caused him to remark that he thought I should
never cut my wisdom teeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was always
in good humour with himself whenever he was guilty of anything approaching to
the nature of a witticism….. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 153 – 154</b> …… The article, which also included an insinuating
description of Napoleon and Betsy playing Blindman’s Buff, noted that she was
Napoleon’s favourite and would tell him everything that passes through her
flighty head. She asked him the most untoward questioned but he answered them
all without hesitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Montchenu
concluded that Miss Betsee was the wildest little girl he had ever met and
expressed the opinion that she was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folle</i>
– a madwoman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His account was very
damaging to a young lady’s reputation and future prospects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsey observed in her recollections “My
father was much enraged at my name thus appearing, and wished to call the
marquess to account for his ill nature”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, her mother’s intercession prevailed,
a duel was averted and “an ample apology” was obtained from the marquis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
When Napoleon hears of the
affront that “Miss Betsee” had received from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“vieux imbecile”</i> (old fool), he asked O’Meara to call at The Briars
with a message for her on his way to Jamestown. He suggested how she might
revenge herself: “It so happened, that the marquess provided himself on the
peculiar fashion of his wig, to which was attached a long cue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This embellishment on his head Napoleon
desired me to burn off with caustic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
was always ready for mischief and in this instance had a double inducement, on
the emperor’s promise to reward me, on the receipt of the pigtail, with the
prettiest fan Mr. Solomon’s shop contained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fortunately I was prevented indulging in this most hoydenish trick by
the remonstrances of my mother”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The next time she saw Napoleon,
she made much of being too dutiful to disobey her mother, despite her
inclination for revenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He pinched my
ear, in token of approval”, and said “Ah, Miss Bettee, to commences <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a etre sage</i>” – “You begin to be sensible”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
then called Dr.O’Meara, and asked him if he had procured the fan?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The doctor pointed; on perceiving which,
Napoleon, with his usual good nature, consoled me with the promise of something
prettier – and he kept his word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a
few days I received a ring of brilliants, forming the letter N, surmounted by a
small eagle……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 159 - 160</b> ….. In an interview for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Times,</i> Santini had deplored the conditions in which his master
lived: the climate at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood </b>was
most unhealthy, with extremes of wind, humidity and heat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house was a hovel and the roof leaked; it
was ‘infested by rats, who devour everything that they can reach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the Emperor’s linen, even that which was
lately sent from England, has been gnawed and completely destroyed by
them……When the Emperor is at dinner the rats run about the apartment and even
creep beneath his feet.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, his
strongest criticism was reserved for the food sent by Balcombe the
purveyor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The provisions were always too
small in quantity and frequently of bad quality. Often there was no butcher’s
meat for the emperor’s table, and Cipriani would send Santini to town to
purchase a sheep for four guineas or some pork for making soup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I was even, from necessity, in the habit of
repairing secretly to the English camp to purchase butter, eggs and bread, of
the soldier’s wives, otherwise the Emperor would often have been without
breakfast, and even without dinner.’ Santini claimed that he sometimes rose at
daybreak to shoot pigeons, or else the Emperor would have nothing for
breakfast, as ‘the provisions did not reach <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b> until two or three o’clock in the afternoon.’ He said that
in publishing his account he was fulfilling a ‘painful but sacred duty’……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 187</b> ….. The inexplicable suddenness of Cipriani’s death was a
huge shock to Napoleon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt a blood
tie with the Corsican, for their two families had been friends back in
Ajaccio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cipriani’s espionage work had
facilitated the escape from Elba; on St Helena he had frequented the town
shops, mixed with seamen in the taverns, and been tireless in collecting
intelligence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An elaborate headstone was
ordered (but apparently never completed), and Bertrand paid Saul Solomon his
hefty fee of 1400 gold francs for the burial arrangements……</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Page 388</b>…….On 9 December there was a large headline in the
Australian “Reported loss of the Nancy”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A French ship had found the vessel stricken off the West African coast,
waterlogged and deserted.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
This must have been the most
terrifying time in the lives of Jane Balcombe, Betsy and her daughter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would have been far from shore, for
ships to England never hugged the African coast, and in grave danger of
drowning. The passengers had abandoned the ship in lifeboats and, after what
must have been days in the baking sun, perhaps with little food and water, had
all come to shore somewhere on the barren south-western coast of Africa (today’s
Namibia).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems they waited for up to
two weeks for the Nancy to be towed and repaired, while accepting the
hospitality of the local people.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
When the ship’s captain was
confident of taking the Nancy to sea again they set sail, only to make an
unexpected call at St Helena, presumably for supplies of food and water and to
ascertain that the repairs were holding. The emotions of Betsy and her mother
must have been in turmoil to see their beloved home The Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper floor now extended right across the
building with at least six bedrooms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
house was surrounded by mulberry trees, ripe with red berries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They learned that the East India Company had
purchased the property for 6000 Pounds from the merchant Solomon in August
1827, to establish a mulberry plantation for feeding silkworms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The production of silk was to be St Helena’s
new industry, and like most other ventures it was doomed to failure.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
They must have visited Napoleon’s
tomb, the willows shading it almost denuded by tourists breaking off
souvenirs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what would have come as
the greatest shock was to ascend the mountain (perhaps even taken by the
governor in his carriage) to see Longwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a wreck, having reverted to being a barn and granary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a threshing machine in the drawing
room where Napoleon had died, his billiard room was filled with potatoes and
straw and his bathroom was a stable…..</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>"Views of St Helena" by T.E.Fowler in 1863.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX5PAPVsryeq5W1ihX1-QAQ7KiFA4V_YjBOpGGTNqR7_-S8VMCY-NC66Y1BaBNT47pdWRZUHxpbqSnbURkcovTp56bVEetZUaioxbLbsqwRSXdfg17YmEpxOH88qeV-jexq7wtXcg1kxg/s1600/Jamestown+%2526+Harbour+at+St+Helena.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX5PAPVsryeq5W1ihX1-QAQ7KiFA4V_YjBOpGGTNqR7_-S8VMCY-NC66Y1BaBNT47pdWRZUHxpbqSnbURkcovTp56bVEetZUaioxbLbsqwRSXdfg17YmEpxOH88qeV-jexq7wtXcg1kxg/s640/Jamestown+%2526+Harbour+at+St+Helena.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jamestown Harbour, St Helena</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheW4ktRuXwsKYmh4hyphenhyphenkBeA9UCa5P4ms6jNMaXdIM1HqvkRiM4ts-uP7Q-_Pea-xtevOo0apw1UCMhDMWtwFvp7W9suxWDhAigykzq0UgAkwJ2xnza3L3omBK6KxKhPZZ_k55vh8XWPrAg/s1600/Jacob%2527s+ladder+built+1829+183m+or+700+ft+%2526+665+steps.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheW4ktRuXwsKYmh4hyphenhyphenkBeA9UCa5P4ms6jNMaXdIM1HqvkRiM4ts-uP7Q-_Pea-xtevOo0apw1UCMhDMWtwFvp7W9suxWDhAigykzq0UgAkwJ2xnza3L3omBK6KxKhPZZ_k55vh8XWPrAg/s640/Jacob%2527s+ladder+built+1829+183m+or+700+ft+%2526+665+steps.jpg" width="408" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jacob's Ladder - built 1829, 183 meters or 700 feet high and 665 steps.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMK3Z9cYNLb3WBDgD0eFwMU_cpHNLdhGcW39JSlDJ6WFBXLCVTq_qXroMTIajn__WZ5RTsT-XyKQElp9Nz0H3NeQfEpLsHcvvWoTnxfTjzNrF2J26xKcFIBhcR-O4tLcNd93V0KL_cqUg/s1600/Jamestown+from+top+of+Jacob%2527s+Ladder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMK3Z9cYNLb3WBDgD0eFwMU_cpHNLdhGcW39JSlDJ6WFBXLCVTq_qXroMTIajn__WZ5RTsT-XyKQElp9Nz0H3NeQfEpLsHcvvWoTnxfTjzNrF2J26xKcFIBhcR-O4tLcNd93V0KL_cqUg/s640/Jamestown+from+top+of+Jacob%2527s+Ladder.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jacob's Ladder steps to Jamestown</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUoJdpV3RTI4sxCwpJP0IP28TucDNavehyphenhyphenLCPvdIFkyWwZSdOuGFEaeP1kLM11Q71VqkilfU52eP0c_sq_r-EJlFLVLRrwS4eZ7RxKYF3f6vPaoSVXJfVr9ZXrSUsRlmpdtkvF9FZnIF8/s1600/Jamestown+St+Helena.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUoJdpV3RTI4sxCwpJP0IP28TucDNavehyphenhyphenLCPvdIFkyWwZSdOuGFEaeP1kLM11Q71VqkilfU52eP0c_sq_r-EJlFLVLRrwS4eZ7RxKYF3f6vPaoSVXJfVr9ZXrSUsRlmpdtkvF9FZnIF8/s640/Jamestown+St+Helena.jpg" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jamestown, St Helena</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiukfmtZzqxo9-Cu8CjS00zPnA3SVMM7KLDZITayXV9Vb_QafRTbAnZJOEnR1lOTwVYOafHV5CbbizvV5mmSoHYZzexjKprwOT2IQOtsTMk1P48xFn6QC2zYBc5Hvc9gJYY5-8lg2x_aZc/s1600/Napoleon%2527s+tomb+1863.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiukfmtZzqxo9-Cu8CjS00zPnA3SVMM7KLDZITayXV9Vb_QafRTbAnZJOEnR1lOTwVYOafHV5CbbizvV5mmSoHYZzexjKprwOT2IQOtsTMk1P48xFn6QC2zYBc5Hvc9gJYY5-8lg2x_aZc/s640/Napoleon%2527s+tomb+1863.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's tomb</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
You may be wondering why my interest in the Solomon family. I suggest you read my blog on "Doris Moss, Napoleon and St Helena". The Moss and Solomon families were related through marriage and were living on the Island of St Helena at the time of Napoleon's exile there.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>If you wish to contact the author of the Solomon/Moss Family Archives blogs with comments or further information, please email Joy Olney at - joyolney@gmail.com</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-81665222374459873792015-12-07T02:25:00.001-08:002021-01-20T02:24:50.882-08:00Joseph & Hannah (Moss) Solomon<b>http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b><br />
<br />
<b> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbHqz2589cirpjWs40uYQWce7wLpfFPVi6lFfTLrbmaZoRHDnPKfjr_m-53gua9_YoWAHDu6ldti4xjqLpAF5qTyKJlGYkkmfUGlOnhD7n_t_cBXSSQWSqqcEIH6sdA1N90cpqDTXHR14/s1600/Joseph+Solomon+1780-1861.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbHqz2589cirpjWs40uYQWce7wLpfFPVi6lFfTLrbmaZoRHDnPKfjr_m-53gua9_YoWAHDu6ldti4xjqLpAF5qTyKJlGYkkmfUGlOnhD7n_t_cBXSSQWSqqcEIH6sdA1N90cpqDTXHR14/s400/Joseph+Solomon+1780-1861.jpg" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joseph Solomon 1780 - `1793</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
Joseph was one of ten children of<b> Nathaniel & Phoebe Solomon.</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Joseph Solomon</b> was born 1780 in England and died 1861 in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Joseph married Hannah Moss</b> born 1793 in England and died 1858 in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Joseph and Hannah were bethrothed in England before they came to St Helena in the South Atlantic for their marriage on 7 July 1814. In 1831 Joseph and Hannah relocated to Cape Town.</div>
<br />
Hannah was the daughter of <b>Moshe Moss who had 6 children: </b><br />
<b>Samuel Moss,</b> born 1785 in Whitechapel, England and died 1859.<b> </b><br />
<b>George Moss,</b> born 1790 in England.<br />
<b>Hannah Moss, </b>born 1793 in England and died 1858 in Cape Town, South Africa. Hannah married<b> Joseph</b> <b>Solomon</b> (1789-1861) on 7 July 1814 in St Helena.<br />
<b>Issac Moss</b>, born 18 February 1796 in England and died 15 October 1864 in St Helena. Isaac Moss married Sarah Caroline Merchant Britton (1805-1855) in the Great Synagogue in London on 25 October 1826. (Refer to Isaac Moss & Sarah Caroline Merchant Britton blog).<br />
<b>Phoebe Moss </b>born 1799 and married G Bagshaw 25 April 1822 in London. <br />
<b>Joseph Le Moss</b> ?<br />
<br />
<b>Joseph and Hannah had 9 children</b>:<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Nathaniel Solomon</b>, born 3 June 1815 and died 4 June 1815 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Henry Nathaniel Solomon</b>, born April 1816 in St Helena and died 27 June 1900 in Sea Point, Cape Town, South Africa. <b>Henry married</b> <b>Julia Sophia Middleton</b> on 5 December 1839 in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Julia was born 1819 in Stepney, Middlesex, England and died 18 February in Sea Point, Cape Town, South Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Saul Solomon</b>, born 25 May 1817 in St Helena and died 16 October 1892 in Kilcreggan On the Clyde, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. <b>Saul married Georgiana Margaret Thomson</b> on 18 August 1874. Georgina was born 1845 in Scotland and died 24 June 1933 in Eastbourne, Sussex, England.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Richard Prince Solomon</b>, born 1818 in St Helena and died 1854 in Cape Town, South Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Benjamin Solomon</b>, born 1819 in St Helena.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Edward Solomon,</b> born 25 December 1820 in St Helena and died 15 September 1886 in Sea Point, Cape Town, South Africa. <b>Edward married Jessie Matthews</b> in 1840. Jessie was born 2 March 1817 in Aberdeen, Scotland and died 31 December 1889 in Green Point, Western Cape, South Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Isabella Solomon</b>, born 1826 in St Helena and died 4 February 1897 in Cape Town, Spouth Africa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Margaret Solomon</b>, born 1 April 1828 in St Helena and died 25 October in Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa. Margaret married Robert McMillan Ross and had 9 children.</div>
<b>Rosa Solomon</b>, born and died in St Helena.<br />
<br />
In 1822 brothers Henry (6) and Saul (5) Solomon were sent to England
from St Helena for their education and stayed with Grandma Phoebe
Solomon. There are two suggestions. 1.Their older cousin George Moss (7) accompanied them. 2. An efficient soldier's wife travelled with the boys to London on a troop ship and delivered them to Grandma Phoebe Solomon. They did not return to St Helena until they were 12
and 13 year olds in 1829. They were brought up in a strict Jewish home. Both
boys were heavily handicapped, although it would hardly been believed
when one considers what they have achieved. When Henry was 12 years of
age he partially lost the use of his lower limbs but walked without
difficulty. His brother Saul also suffered most severely. Probably the
result of infantile paralysis (polio).<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Brothers - Henry (1816), Saul (1817) and Edward (1820) Solomon became prominent citizens in Cape Town, South Africa.</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Henry Solomon</b> (1816) was a notable person in Sea Point, Cape Town, South Africa. He entered the business of "George Greig" as a Book-keeper and Accountant. Henry worked with his brother Saul with printing and editing work for "Cape Argus" and "Government Gazette". In September 1834 Henry received Baptism into the Christain faith. His example was followed by most of the family.<br />
<br />
<b>Henry and Julia Solomon had 12 children:</b><br />
<b>Ellen Hannah Solomon </b>born 28 December 1844 in Cape Town and died 22 April 1924 in Cape Town, South Africa. <b>Ellen married Rev James Cameron.</b><br />
<b>Mary Solomon</b> born 20 July 1848 in Cape Town and died 6 January 1935 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape, South Africa. <b>Mary married Dr. John Henry Brown in 1869.</b><br />
<b>Alfred Viner Solomon </b>born 26 September 1854 in Cape Town and died 8 January 1910.<b> Alfred married Minnie Pilkington</b> 1878 in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.<br />
<b>Henry, Annie, Arthur, Charles, Eliza, Harry, Isabel, Jane and Julia Solomon</b> completed the family. <br />
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGlK_HeCungUEJi2NfJcs93tYWLlf3fU38CKJOT0RZ8zRWhVeGw0UA84-hyfRP4wBlWoJIWwmY_PrrFRrLkB9oBn_UsNa-Fl9Jl_LezizWW1a2aoFcVjwRpOKNKej5kA4TXs8f5bQyvzo/s640/Henry+Solomon+1816-1900.jpg" width="419" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Solomon 1816 - 1900</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPy3Iza5zYsQUWIvzl1_GI5Fa4hwKPomX9o-fxDbYE1C_UwPNfWzI6LrcXmTYJt8PHW83JfgqS1TBNoToeKD68Xtm1oeMcxHEuIUDLJcu9GysS8sc7D-CHxqXDvof21RSBNwj8hAJ_ek/s1600/Julia+Sophia+Solomon+nee+Middleton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKPy3Iza5zYsQUWIvzl1_GI5Fa4hwKPomX9o-fxDbYE1C_UwPNfWzI6LrcXmTYJt8PHW83JfgqS1TBNoToeKD68Xtm1oeMcxHEuIUDLJcu9GysS8sc7D-CHxqXDvof21RSBNwj8hAJ_ek/s640/Julia+Sophia+Solomon+nee+Middleton.jpg" width="396" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julia Sophia Middleton 1819 - 18 February ?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Saul Solomon </b>(1817) was articled to the Printing firm of "George Greig"<b> </b>and later became Proprietor of "Commercial Advertiser"<b>.</b> Also<b> </b>Printer of "Government Gazette"<b>.</b><br />
<b>Saul</b> became a Member of Parliament in Cape Town, South Africa.<br />
1845 Saul was Founder of Mutual Life Assurance Society of Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.<br />
1854 Saul was Member of the first Parliament of Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.<br />
1857 Saul was Founder of "Cape Argus" daily newspaper.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The career of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b>Saul</b> </span>was most
remarkable and as time advances, one marvels at the intellectual and moral
strength of that diminutive man whom the circumstances of childhood had so
crippled.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Saul and Georgiana Solomon had 3 children: </b> </span></b><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Saul Solomon</b> born 1876 in Cape Town South Africa. Saul became a High Court Judge and Barrister.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>William Ewart Gladstone Solomon</b> born 1880 in Colonsay, Cambridgeshire, England and married Gwladys Cowper-Smith in 1906 in Tonbridge, Kent, England. Gladstone became a Figure & Portrait Painter and Biographer.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgORWUGDP4JI_2Sbq_QQ94SFicUL1jner9CikmQR7mlcYCyMZb-a1KwzHEDj7YdE6GfrgZv9E7lsK1SbAHDAf2rChFnvIrFaRroErayAns_EqR6v9r3nTgheIIa1D7gn1-lYnNCk9WxMv4/s640/Saul+Solomon+1817-1892+Politician%252C+Liberal+activist.jpg" width="416" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Saul Solomon (M.P.) 1817 - 1892</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNvY6xvl5rFFgBZ81g3jr5l0XfeC9o_kBvDkPtCpL6UCsiuU0z96tjBGQEFyCKwNG90V10J4SGgYLktCdiaR6ehf-_KSY4RD9ZsAsm64efs2FIrI833ZkuJiPbrDs5-M2uZBcfVrRa-_8/s1600/Portrait+of+Georgiana+Solomon+by+son+Gladstone+1845-1933.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNvY6xvl5rFFgBZ81g3jr5l0XfeC9o_kBvDkPtCpL6UCsiuU0z96tjBGQEFyCKwNG90V10J4SGgYLktCdiaR6ehf-_KSY4RD9ZsAsm64efs2FIrI833ZkuJiPbrDs5-M2uZBcfVrRa-_8/s640/Portrait+of+Georgiana+Solomon+by+son+Gladstone+1845-1933.jpg" width="444" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portrait of Georgiana Solomon (nee Thomson) by her son Gladstone Solomon. 1845 - 1933.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Edward Solomon</b> (1820) was a Missionary to the native tribes of the interior of South Africa for 17 years and a Pastor of the Free Church at Bedford for 27 years. <br />
<br />
<b>Rev. Edward Solomon and Jessie Matthews had 6 children:</b><br />
<b>Jessie Margaret Solomon </b>born 6 November 1841 in Hankey, Cape Province, South Africa and died 17 September 1929 in King William's Town, Cape Province, Sth Africa. <b>Jessie married Alexander Welsh.</b><br />
<b>Mary Hannah Isabella Solomon</b> born 9 July 1843 and died 17 January 1888 in Bedford, Eastern Cape, South Africa. <b> Mary married Charles Walter Webber</b> on 17 March 1863 in Bedford, Eastern Cape.<br />
<b>Edward Philip Solomon</b> born 10 August 1845 in Phileppolis, Free State and died 20 November 1914 in Johannesburg, South Africa. <b>Edward became an Attorney & Politician in the Tranvaal.</b><br />
<b>Richard Stuart Solomon</b> born 18 October 1850 in Cape Town, South Africa and died 10 November 1913 in 42 Hyde Park Square, London, England. <b>Richard married Elizabeth Mary Walton</b> on 21 June 1881 in South Africa. <b> Richard became a Barrister, Politician and High Commissioner for Sth Africa.</b><br />
<b>William Henry Solomon</b> born 1852 in Bedford, Cape Province, South Africa and died 13 June 1930 in Ruthin Castle, Ruthin, Denbigshire, Wales. <b> William married Maud Elizabeth Christian </b>on 31 March 1891 in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. <b>William became an Attorney, Judge & Chief Justice of Union of South Africa.</b><br />
<b>Emillie Jane Solomon </b>born 9 June 1858 in Bedford, Eastern Cape, South Africa and died 10 April 1939 in Southampton, Hampshire, England. Emillie remained single. Her tombstone reads "In loving memory of Emillie Jane Solomon, youngest daughter of Rev. Edward & Jessie Solomon. Born at Bedford 9 June 1858. Died in England Easter Monday 10 April 1939. Beloved by all for her unselfish devotion to family, Church and social life".<b> </b><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvzORKhSmhpWYjkZOyDU2xVlwNHd2corjJHQLQD8YOf-8f6Bdjo97c_GTzp2BUzDuuSiiLeoqgdayJf7s83U466vZQlSNVKnX7IkRcACsDqEcYHXsaceDOy_7jYDBGzwLy2FOJEX9bUhs/s1600/Rev+Edward+Solomon+1820-1886.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvzORKhSmhpWYjkZOyDU2xVlwNHd2corjJHQLQD8YOf-8f6Bdjo97c_GTzp2BUzDuuSiiLeoqgdayJf7s83U466vZQlSNVKnX7IkRcACsDqEcYHXsaceDOy_7jYDBGzwLy2FOJEX9bUhs/s400/Rev+Edward+Solomon+1820-1886.jpg" width="283" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rev Edward Solomon 1820-1886</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUOO08_rliefVM8AlwbAjR81kE0_PHFasyVfV7uLRRbUL2nCEyEc4sWCACpTnViV4W7RgnAAJIEPusdaYQgraUVtyynMWWRJ57A6bdokjFnxvdIM7T5Vi7pgn1LRpDyKFYEfJx2tCypM/s1600/Sir+Edward+Philip+Solomon+1845-1914.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUOO08_rliefVM8AlwbAjR81kE0_PHFasyVfV7uLRRbUL2nCEyEc4sWCACpTnViV4W7RgnAAJIEPusdaYQgraUVtyynMWWRJ57A6bdokjFnxvdIM7T5Vi7pgn1LRpDyKFYEfJx2tCypM/s320/Sir+Edward+Philip+Solomon+1845-1914.jpg" width="243" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Edward Solomon (1845-1914) - Attorney & Polotician in the Transvaal.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHhbSQZ2MfbILIrlqtP6Nvke3TRq5rmE29ds7isKkZklzQMf7Od6saqaiCT3cxc75qExNpvXCJP_rFn-MyaBShB1HD1ezaqyv8vz-GvyRtSxD_IoBP0ppHpJapozfXRGlFWoAwqM1z9mE/s1600/Sir.+Richard+Solomon+1850+-+1913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHhbSQZ2MfbILIrlqtP6Nvke3TRq5rmE29ds7isKkZklzQMf7Od6saqaiCT3cxc75qExNpvXCJP_rFn-MyaBShB1HD1ezaqyv8vz-GvyRtSxD_IoBP0ppHpJapozfXRGlFWoAwqM1z9mE/s400/Sir.+Richard+Solomon+1850+-+1913.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sir Richard Solomon (1850-1913) - Barrister, Politician & High Commissioner for South Africa.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimVH9Wyjn07F4iWM4Cf-0vRk3AVqaGleNfyq4tCvnKfLwrUSWxrP2CimME4y3FWxKxcI0wXIvZSSLFFbi2EFjVrgQyUXYV-pWn0PXxFFA15kVuGWYG50vZEGymB0zuPjyLyuSnQUTOS98/s1600/Right+Hon.+Sir.+William+Solomon+1852-1930.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimVH9Wyjn07F4iWM4Cf-0vRk3AVqaGleNfyq4tCvnKfLwrUSWxrP2CimME4y3FWxKxcI0wXIvZSSLFFbi2EFjVrgQyUXYV-pWn0PXxFFA15kVuGWYG50vZEGymB0zuPjyLyuSnQUTOS98/s400/Right+Hon.+Sir.+William+Solomon+1852-1930.jpg" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Right Hon Sir William Solomon (1852 - 1930) - Attorney, Judge, Chief Justice of Union of South Africa.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Jessie Solomon (nee Matthews) tombstone reads:</b> "In loving rememberance of Jessie Matthews, beloved wife of the Rev. Edward Solomon, born at Aberdeen, Scotland 2nd March 1817 and died at Green Point 31st December 1889".<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Rev. Edward Solomon</b> (1820) lived in Bedford, Cape Province, South Africa.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
His headstone in Mowbray St Peter's Church, Western Cape, Cape Town reads "In loving rememberance of the Rev.Edward Solomon, born 25th December 1820. Died 15th September 1886. For 17 years a missionary amongst the native tribes of the interior of South Africa and subsequently 27 years Pastor of the Free Church of Bedford".</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFyBTT2-r_n_bHgK5lgKAYaxVigXHw2Pd3nafKvPWSVGtiYXh29LoFWFmAn2CSDzgq50DWvKGjBuuG4NO12hyphenhyphenht4PYAiiNejN6RDYVfNBnkVytkBYnpgmdLWxXiUVbIMtSNrKeHTxpvM/s400/Edward+Solomon%2527s+tombstone+1820-1886.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tombstone of Rev Edward Solomon 1820 - 1886.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<b> </b></h3>
<h2>
<b>Various articles about Saul & Joseph Solomon & their family from various sources.</b></h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</h3>
<h4 align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brothers Saul </span>(1776-1852)<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
& Joseph Solomon</span> (1780-1861)<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
arrived in St.Helena. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph &
Hannah </span>(nee Moss)<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Solomon &
sons,</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry </span>(1816-1900),<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Saul </span>(1817-1892)<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> & Edward </span>(1820-1886). As told by Mary Brown (daughter of Henry Solomon 1816-1900)</b></span></b></h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">About the year 1796 a young Jew
aged twenty landed at St.Helena from an East India Company ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was ill and supposed to be dying, but he
rallied and eventually opened up a business in the island where he was joined a
few years later by his brother Joseph.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These two young Jews, <b>Saul and Joseph Solomon</b>, established a business
which remains at St.Helena to this day.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">In 1806 <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon</span> received a Hebrew Prayer Book by a store-ship from his
dear mother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is from this prayer-book
that the date of Saul’s birth – <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1776</span>
is taken.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">All we know of their mother is
that her name was <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b>Phoebe de Metz</b> </span>(1745-1834),
the wife of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b>Nathaniel Solomon</b> </span>(1735-1760),
she was married at the age of 14, had eighteen children, some of whom died in
infancy, was left a widow while still young and died at the age of one hundred
and four (I believe it should be 84), she lived in much competency in London,
and to her care were sent two little grandsons (Henry & Saul) from
St.Helena, but more of this later.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">A miniature of this old lady is
in my possession, it was bought by me from a grand-daughter of hers, who in
reduced circumstances was living in Cape Town. The names of some of Phoebe’s daughters
will be found in a letter in this Hebrew prayer-book, which is also in my
possession.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>In <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1814 Joseph Solomon married Hannah Moss</span>,</b> who came to St.Helena from
England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had been betrothed before
he left England. </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The business at St.Helena
prospered in many ways due to the introduction to St.Helena of Napoleon after
Waterloo, and to its being a port of call for the East India Company’s ships
both going to and returning from India.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In later years Saul Solomon (b1776) was known as the <b>“Merchant King of
St Helena”,</b> but as these notes have special reference to Joseph we shall
continue then on these lines. </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">In the year 1816 was born the
eldest son of Joseph and Hannah.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
named <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry</span> and in 1817 a second son
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul </span>was born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two little lads at the ages of five and
six were sent to their grandmother Phoebe in London under the care of an
efficient soldier’s wife travelling by troop ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two little boys remained under their Grandmother’s
care until about the ages of twelve and thirteen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were brought up in the strictest Jewish
faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of my Father’s remembrances
of this I have given elsewhere. The other children born to Joseph and Hannah
were Richard (1818), Edward (1820), Isabella (1826), Margaret (1828) and
Benjamin (1819), one girl Rosa died at St.Helena. (Nathaniel was born 3 June
1815 and died 4 June 1815).</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">In <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1831 Joseph migrated with his family to the Cape</span></b>, where there would
be better opportunities for his sons in life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The two elder were about twelve and thirteen when they returned to
St.Helena.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">We have in the family two books
received by Henry for proficiency in French and for merit, presented to him by
the Governor of the Island, in which is inscribed the following:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>To Henry Solomon</b> – Reward of
Merit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Signed, Gil Blas. H.C.Head
School, St.Helena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Presented at the Annual
Examination of the Hon.Company’s Head School before the Honourable General
Dallas and Council St.Helena on 7<sup>th</sup> December 1830.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Prizes given to Henry Solomon</b> by
the Hon.Governor and Council at the Annual Examination of the Head School<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- “Porten’s Evidences” and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Self Help” on 5<sup>th</sup> December 1828.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">According to the Jewish custom in
those days every boy, whatever his social position or future prospects might be
was taught a trade, in the case of these elder lads <b>Henry was placed to a
tailoring firm</b> known as “Army and Civil Tailors”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Saul was articled to the printing firm</b> of
“George Greig” then I believe printers of “The Commercial Advertiser”, one of
the earliest English papers published at the Cape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very little is known of their circumstances
on their arrival at the Cape. When I was a girl I heard from my maternal
Grand-mother Mrs. Middleton, her remembrances of the household in the early
days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had come from England to the
Cape some years before, and remembered the arrival of the Joseph Solomon
family, her second daughter (Julia) subsequently married Henry in 1839.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She told me that the silver and house linen
brought from St.Helena was very beautiful and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>valuable, but during the long illness of the mother Hannah, when she was
obliged to be away from her family, there was no efficient ruling hand and much
of this was lost and stolen.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">I have given elsewhere my
personal reminiscences of my grandparents Joseph and Hannah. These few details
are written that more may be known by the grandchildren of the subsequent
generations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Had it been foretold that
the destinies of this family would have been greatly influenced by the two
eldest sons – <b>both of whom were heavily handicapped</b> – it would have hardly been
believed. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry</span> had at the age of
twelve lost partially the use of his lower limbs, though he walked without
difficulty, probably the result of infantile paralysis from which also his
brother <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul </span>suffered most
severely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both these lads might have
become a burden to the family but they forged ahead and by their indomitable
courage in surmounting difficulties they have left a record which those
following may remember with pride and gratitude.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry</span></b> did not remain long at the trade, but entered the business of
“George Greig” as book-keeper and accountant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The career of <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b>Saul</b> </span>was most
remarkable and as time advances, one marvels at the intellectual and moral
strength of that diminutive man whom the circumstances of childhood had so
crippled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He eventually became the
proprietor of the “Commercial Advertiser” and for many years the two brothers
carried on the printing and editing work of what is now known as the “Argus
Company”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were also the printers of
the “Government Gazette”.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">A third brother, the fourth son <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b>Edward</b> </span>(1820-1886) must here be
mentioned, but before doing so, we must notice a fact in the life of Henry,
which in all probability influenced the lives of the younger members of the
family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In September 1834, three years
after their arrival in Cape Town, he received Christian baptism in St.George’s
Church, now the Cathedral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A witness of
his baptism being George Greig, his employer. All the other members of the
family followed his example.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He, with
them becoming members of the Congregational Church, then meeting in Union
Chapel, Church Square.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The youngest
daughter Margaret (b1828) was baptised by the Rev.J.C.Brown (afterwards my
father-in-law) who for a short time occupied the position of Minister of this
Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was there during the years
1845-1848 and <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry the first convert to
Christianity</span>, died at the age of 85. Almost his last words were “I have
finished my course, I have kept the faith” and those who were intimately
associated with him, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">his brothers Saul
and Edward could testify of that faith that was in them</span>, perhaps especially
exemplified in Edward. I have no record to give of Richard and Benjamin, the
former died comparatively young (d1854), and Benjamin was chiefly connected
with business in country towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note: I have added the words or dates in brackets so that it can be easily understood who Mary was referring to. </span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div>
<h2>
Traditions and Memories concerning our Grandparents - Joseph & Hannah Solomon.</h2>
<h3>
by Mary Brown (1848-1935), daughter of Henry Solomon (1816-1900). </h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is to be my privilege and honour to pass on to a younger
generation some information regarding some memories of the Grandparents (Joseph
& Hannah Solomon) whose sons and grandsons have associated their names with
the history and development of this Country (South Africa), and who nearly
eighty years ago made their home in this neighbourhood. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Why and how they
migrated hither, must be told later; it arose out of the settling, years
before, of the eldest brother <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul
Solomon in the</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">island of St.Helena</span></b>.
The date of this we do not know, but we gather certain facts from an old Hebrew
Prayer-book in my possession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This
states that the said <b>Saul Solomon was born on December 25<sup>th</sup> 1776</b>,
that his first wife (Margaret Lee) died in 1815, that seven children were born
of this marriage, all at St Helena except one, Margaret, who was born in London
in 1813 at West Square. In 1808 Saul received this same Prayer-book, the gift
of his dear Mother by the Europe Store-ship on 4<sup>th</sup> July 1808.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The story is that as a young man this <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon</span></b> (1776-1852) was landed, ill of fever, at St Helena
from an East Indian man, bound probably for India, but of this we are not
certain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was expected he would die at
sea, and fearing this, instructions were given to land him at the island, where
the vessel also put in for water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here
he recovered, and seeing the possibilities of trade with the East India
Company’s merchantmen which made St Helena a port of call on their outward and
homeward bound voyages he began a business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus was established the Commercial House known for years afterwards as
the firm of <b>“Solomon & Moss”</b>, which continues to the present day.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Saul Solomon was joined in this business later by his <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">brother Joseph </span>(1780-1861)</b>, our
grandfather, who was followed by his future wife <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hannah Moss</span> (1793-1858) and married probably about the year
1814-1815 as their eldest son <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry</span>
was born in April 1816.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(First born
child Nathaniel Solomon born & died June 1815). Here the families lived
gaining considerable wealth and confidence and owning valuable properties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was in the year (some of which still
remain in the families of the Solomon & Moss) 1815 that the British
Government secured Longwood, St Helena, as the residence of Napoleon and the
stationing of French and British officers, in the island not only increased its
importance but brought into it much brilliant social life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul
Solomon (1776-1852)</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">known as the
“King of St.Helena”</span></b> was a man of character and influence and various
stories were told to us as children, of his kindness of heart, his generous
hospitality and his conveying courtesy to strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those long ago days his house was the
centre and the style kept in his household was lavish and luxurious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By his second wife (Mary Chamberlain b1790)
he had a son Nathaniel (1822-1874) and daughter<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Isabella (Saul? 1818-1861), these were our father’s (Henry’s 1816-1900) contemporaries
and are prominent in our memories of childhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cousin Nat inheriting many of the kindly qualities of his father
endeared him to the then younger generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Among the stories that specially interested us, as told by my father
were these.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saul Solomon's (1776-1852) house was extravagant and amongst the household property were some valuable silver plates. On the occasion of a visit of a British celebrity to the island, the Governor desired to borrow this plate for use at a banquet given by him. "I regret not lending it" said old Saul Solomon "as I am entertaining your guest the following evening and it might be thought that I had borrowed your plate". </span></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Amongst <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Napoleon’s
ardent sympathisers and admirers was Mr.Solomon </span>(1776-1852),</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b> and it is said he</b></span><b> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">contrived at the attempted escape of the Emperor from St.Helena</span>.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><b> </b> </span>The plot was laid, the boat waiting at the
foot of a precipitous cliff to convey the illustrious prisoner to an out-lying
vessel and a cleverly constructed ladder of silken rope, strong and light,
introduced into the island, no doubt in some merchandise and had been conveyed
in a teapot from Saul Solomon to Longwood, and received by those in the
scheme.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Happily for the peace of Europe
when all seemed ready, the “silken ladder” was discovered and the escape
frustrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These and my father’s talk
of the French soldiers, the occupation of Longwood by Napoleon, his death and
burial, and being lifted as a little child to see the great man lying in state,
the bending of our Grandmother to kiss the dead hand of the Emperor, all made
an impression on our minds that never faded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And he used to tell us how he learned to speak French from the French
guard who praised his smartness and memory.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But to return to <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul
Solomon </span>(1776-1852).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He was the eldest of four brothers, Joseph </span>(1780-1861),<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Benjamin</span> (1777-?) <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">and Edward </span>(1774-1855),<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </span>are
the ones of whom we have knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Joseph and his wife Hannah came to Cape Town from St Helena in the year
1831.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have this from a letter from my
father in which he says “the first person to meet us our arrival at the Cape in
1831 was our old St Helena friend, the father of Captain Anderson of Green
Point”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus judging from my father’s
birth in 1816, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the family of Joseph (our
grandfather) remained in St Helena some 15</span> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">or 16 years</span>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The reason for coming
to Cape Town</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> was the
wider opportunities offered in the Colony for bringing up a family.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When this family consisting of seven children
(one Rosetta had died in the island) left for the Cape, our grandfather was in
comparatively affluent circumstances, but through investments that were not
successful they lost considerable money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That they had at one time every means of comfort and luxury was
remembered by those who knew something of their earlier coming to the
Cape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much was lost and stolen during a
long illness of Hannah our Grandmother, when she was of necessity obliged to be
away from her family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My maternal
grandmother Mrs. Middleton told me (Mary Brown, daughter of Henry Solomon 1816)
in my girlhood of the beautiful household linen, and silver plate that belonged
to the Solomon family, which was scattered and stolen during the Hannah’s
absence and the home into which they had but recently settled left to strangers
and servants.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saul Solomon (1776)</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> of St. Helena evidently made
occasional visits to England.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a
letter from his brother Edward dated 17<sup>th</sup> October 1845, Chester
Terrace, Southwark, and written to Joseph whom he styles “Brother Joe” he says
“Our dear brother, heaven bless him, leaves for your Colony next week; it would
be impossible to enumerate the many acts of our dear brother’s goodness, but I
will give you a statement of a few. (here follows a list of money gifts to
various sisters etc). He has raised a monument of gratitude in the hearts of
all the family for his goodness, never to be forgot; indeed he is admired by
every person who sees him, or says there goes Saul Solomon of St Helena”. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An oil
painting of this family hero, in Court dress, as presented to Her Majesty Queen
Victoria must have been painted about this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is in the possession of Mrs Rachel Godfrey
(Rachel Isaacs, daughter of Lenie Solomon), his neice, whose mother was a
Solomon (Elizabeth Lenie Solomon 1780) and who is one of the last remaining
links of that generation.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Benjamin </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>(1777)</b>, the third brother followed
Joseph to the Cape, married a Miss du Plesses, had a large family and died at
an advanced age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>The fourth brother<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Edward </span>(1774)</b>, the writer of the fore-mentioned
letter, remarried in London, and was helped in the education of his sons by the
elder brother in St Helena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He says in
writing to Joseph “I am blest with children, I may say matchless, and a comfort
in my old age; they are in the Law and thank God doing well”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The widow of one of these sons who was also a
Saul Solomon was living in Bayswater, where I had the pleasure of seeing her in
her own home in the year 1901.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another
relative quite remarkable in her way, is the Mrs.Godfrey before mentioned, she
was greatly loved by my father as Rachael Isaacs, and was the daughter of Lenie,
a sister of Saul and Joseph. Among the benefits conferred on the sister in the
family by Saul Solomon in 1845 mentioned by Edward is “to Lenie Isaacs many due
to her from our dear mother, God rest her soul ninety pounds”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some members of this large family evidently
resided at Chatham and Canterbury for “numerous other gifts” were bestowed on
them by this “merchant prince of St Helena”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Amongst the possessions returned and valued by our
Grandfather Joseph Solomon, was a <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">portrait
in oils of his mother (Phoebe)</span> said to have been painted by Opie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of us older members of this generation
remember it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stern faced woman with
a mob cap and a waist band or apron tied somewhere under her armpits, whom our
grandfather delighted to tell us was his “dear mother”, left a widow at forty
and who had twenty one children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
eyes used to follow us wherever we went, as we entered the big dining room of
the house in Long Street, Cape Town, or left it, with a kind of look that she
was something supernatural. To this Grandmother my father and his brother Saul,
13 months his junior, were sent from St Helena to London to school and to be
educated in the Jewish faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tiny
forlorn little creatures, of four and five years, accompanied by an older
cousin George Moss, also a child and sent under the charge of a soldier’s wife
in a troopship that berthed at St.Helena.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From my father’s recollection of this Grandmother, she lived
in what seemed to their childish fancy “great magnificence” but the boyish
heart of Henry greatly preferred and became deeply attached to his Mother’s
sister, <b>Phoebe Moss,</b> always known as Aunt Phoebe Bagshaw, who lavished on them
both affection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We used to be told how
the young Saul Solomon who in after years to make so distinct a mark in his
family’s or country’s history appeared one evening in his night clothes at the
door of the dining room where Mrs. Solomon (1745-1834) was entertaining a large
company to dinner or supper, and how he was carried upstairs by a man servant
and the watchman was called in to give him a fright and threaten him with
drastic measures if he behaved so ill again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was said to be incorrigible as a child, subject to violent outbursts
of passion, both he and my father Henry as told me by old Aunt Phoebe in 1867
“had very strong wills”. Wills that served them well in later life when called upon
to surmount difficulties before which most men would have succumbed.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These children of five
or six were sent to a Jewish Boarding School</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> and were brought up in much severity, as was the
custom probably in those days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the
hot moist climate of St Helena, they were plunged into the bitter cold of a
London winter and my father never forgot his, and his brother’s sufferings. With
chilblained fingers they broke the ice from the water where they made their
morning ablutions. Handicapped physically, but with minds superior to
circumstances, these two brothers learned with avidity and developed remarkable
mental powers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They returned to St
Helena at the ages of thirteen and fourteen, and accompanied their parents to
the Cape in 1831.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As was the Jewish custom
all boys were taught a “trade” but in their cases it was purely nominal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was during this early period in the lives
of each that the principles of the Jewish faith were strictly observed.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A laxity in the religious life of the younger members of the
family was due probably to their being no direct means of observing the ritual,
feasts and fasts, and the acceptance of Christianity came almost naturally as
they drifted more and more into the life of their friends and
surroundings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the older members
remained Jews to the end and the relations and connections on both sides in
England have never changed their faith, thought tolerant and reasonable towards
those who have.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How strong the
impressions of his boyhood remained with my father, may be gathered from the
following.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a letter to me dated
November 1893 he writes “I am reading the book “Children of the Ghetto”, a
study of a peculiar people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a
wonderfully faithful account of the manners, customs and social habits,
religious and domestic of the Jews in London.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jews of all natives that have gathered in the great Metropolis – I
cannot tell you with what interest I read every page of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How it recalls the memories of my earliest
days in England is really wonderful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
services of the Synagogue, the festivals, the feasts, the fasts; the words in
frequent use amongst this people, are all brought to remembrance with a
vividness almost incredible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scenes pass
before one that I had almost forgotten, and I can smell the citrons at the
feast of Tabernacles, and enjoy over again the hammering at the feast of Purim,
when poor old Haman’s name is mentioned”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>That upon one whom the customs of his people had made so deep
an impression, should at the age of nineteen embrace Christianity and lead his younger
brothers and sisters in the same direction is a somewhat remarkable fact.</b></span></span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> </b>It is said “once a Jew, always a Jew” but the earnest lives
as Christians of some of the members of this family is a striking contradiction
to this saying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the pen of my
father I have also this testimony after long fears of life’s experience
“Christianity is the miracle of miracles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>No sophistry can dim its power and no rationalism explain its hold upon
the human heart, short of the fact that it is God’s revelation of Himself to
man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He that has seen me hath seen the
Father”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">And now one has to resort to memories and some of them are
very vivid in the minds of us older folk, so vivid that it seems an injustice
to our children and theirs to let them pass unrecorded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always associate the verses in the book of
Job XXIX: 11 to 16, with Grandfather Solomon, because I remember my father
quoting them in reference to him years after father sent them to me as his
message when I was appointed a member of the Board of Guardians in England.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It was soon after grandfather’s death (Joseph Solomon) when a little memorandum
book was found, in which he kept the names of various pensioners, whom unknown
to others, he had helped and comforted for years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A quiet unostentatious gentle old man, he
seemed to live in and for his wife Hannah and there is something very touching
in the memory of their lives. All traditions, family lies and associations lay
in their past, there was a strange isolation about them, and only as it were in
secret and at heart did they keep the sacred customs of their people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1847 and before my husband’s father, the
Rev.J.C.Brown was the first Congregational Minister sent out by the London
Missionary Society to the small Congregation worshipping in Union Chapel, Cape
Town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From him I learned in long years
afterwards that he had performed Christian baptism on three of the up-grown
children of our Grandfather’s – Margaret (1828-1905), Richard (1818-1854) and
Isabella (1826-1897).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b> </b></span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Our Grandfather had told him that though he
and our Grandmother recognised the attitude of their children towards
Christianity and could not resent it, they remained faithful to the religion of
their race “but” remarked Grandfather Solomon “This I must acknowledge Mr.
Brown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christianity has entirely changed
my sons Henry and Saul, whereas they were lions, they have become lambs”.</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Grandmother</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> had been a beautiful woman in her
girlhood judging from a miniature in the family and even after years of worry
and climate kept her lovely complexion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She wore a heavy auburn wig, and held her head on one side as if always
listening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She carried a black satin bag
on her arm in which she carried her household keys and her stuff-box, for the
old lady took snuff. Was it a greater frailty than the cigarette of the day? I remember <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grandfather</span>
used to buy it for her at a place called I think “Storks”, and sometimes she
would pass the silver box to him with a delightful air of sympathy and
comradeship.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another memory of old <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grandfather</span></b>
was his extraordinary love for children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Notably those of his “own household”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There were always some “goodies” kept by him for us “children” and a
train of us used to follow him on a Sunday to a drawer on the sideboard where a
special kind of biscuit made in the form of a fish or bird with huge white
almonds for eyes were given round.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or in
a cupboard or pantry under the stairs, a sort of store place of good things we
would have a taste of preserved ginger or “chow-chow”, a variety in those days.
Dear kind old man, he used to take us up to the roof of the house in Long
Street to show us how his orange trees planted from pips grew in small tubs,
and ask us as his sight failed to count the bunches of grapes for him on the
old vine in the yard.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Grandmother</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> was very quiet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She died when I was quite young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I used to think she was sad because she
sighed so deeply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My father, as were all
her sons, were devoted to her and her sudden death was a great grief. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remember my surprise and distress at seeing
my father cry and hearing him say “I shall always miss Mother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I shall go gently all my days”. There had
been a great bond between them, from the time that as a little lad, she lifted
him to see the great dead Napoleon to the day when with sighs and lamentation
they laid her at rest in the old English Church graveyard on Somerset Road.
There remains little to be told further.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The memories of our <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grandfather</span>
are mingled with those of the later generation, and we see him going in and out
of his son’s home in Long Street loved and respected to the end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He missed his old wife sadly and some years
after her death when his sight which had failed for years, was restored by an
operation for cataract, his one regret was always that though the Almighty had
given him back his sight, he could not see Hannah.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He died at the age of seventy two and was laid beside Hannah
in the vault which since that day has received various member of the family and
is marked by a small slate slab which notifies “Joseph Solomon’s vault”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These are days of pedigrees and crests and a passion for
“winning glory from things afar, but be it for us and ours to treasure as a
possession the fact that we are heirs to an inheritance of men and women who
served their day and generation according to the will of God ere they “fell on
sleep”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The grandparents gathered to their fathers more than half a
century ago were simple godly Jewish people, who so far as we can learn lived
conscientious, faithful and gently lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They sought not the great things of this world but did justly, loved and
mercy and walked humbly with their God, and sent out into life sons and
daughters who passed on a wider, and in an ever widening degree, an influence
that has acted and will continue to act on the political and philanthropic life
of South Africa in days to come.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note: The words and dates in brackets have been added by me so that it is clearly understood who Mary was referring to. </span></span></div>
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You may be wondering why my interest in the Solomon family. I suggest you read my blog on <b>"Doris</b> <b>Moss, Napoleon and St Helena"</b>. The Moss and Solomon families were related through marriage. They were in business together in St Helena and were living there at the time of Napoleon's exile on the island of St. Helena.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
If you wish to contact the author of the Solomon/Moss Family Archives blogs with comments or further information, please email Joy Olney at - joyolney@gmail.com</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
</div>
Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-37817568507216130052015-12-04T03:14:00.001-08:002021-01-20T02:25:13.668-08:00Napoleon's Picnic at "The Briars" 200 years later.<br />
<b>http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b> Napoleon's Picnic at "The Briars" 18 October 2015</b><b> </b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b> </b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Two hundred years after Napoleon came to stay with the Balcombe family at "The Briars" on the island of St Helena at the commencement of his exile there, 60 people gathered at "The Briars" in Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia on 18 October 2015 to celebrate such an occasion.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>We enjoyed picnic food similar to what Napoleon ate on 18 October 1815.</b> We sat at 3 long tables in the dining room which were decorated with red, white and blue, the French colours. The fine dining china and silverware were most appropriate for the occasion, we sipped on Champagne, and chatted enthusiastically with the other guests about our associations with Napoleon which was quite varied.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvnLPe1m6F_FllzGnuDMlJWhk9NxAurjpg7sIA5KP736KVnmvd3y-hsfZV4k8L1N62dMI5VoCgsNoFG0JL-STWR0z7NLGSQtX1IwnBOlvkLddCl8wfNdAUKfC-ahG4EY9XscKlcEkx9Rs/s1600/008+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvnLPe1m6F_FllzGnuDMlJWhk9NxAurjpg7sIA5KP736KVnmvd3y-hsfZV4k8L1N62dMI5VoCgsNoFG0JL-STWR0z7NLGSQtX1IwnBOlvkLddCl8wfNdAUKfC-ahG4EY9XscKlcEkx9Rs/s400/008+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc-FvJpq_MCL6g90-Q0AeK0WL_FN2n9wB_CMVY5Jc4eVBvHYZsTF_lAHlMPzDvllFz9gKaCyoYcmccPYGrs3tqgfn37-U8q4fPiRZwn-K2eO_7xbNsugpl89J0eVrdATsoDr6a96aXkTE/s1600/007+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc-FvJpq_MCL6g90-Q0AeK0WL_FN2n9wB_CMVY5Jc4eVBvHYZsTF_lAHlMPzDvllFz9gKaCyoYcmccPYGrs3tqgfn37-U8q4fPiRZwn-K2eO_7xbNsugpl89J0eVrdATsoDr6a96aXkTE/s400/007+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX0IuOtXDaNyVc6gf6klqD-4pJBvzJexX0WbnXbmyKSnUSKBSMGz_ouo3vcNYIDSe6OlB0KxFU-qAzZdLp5XNdAkSbcpw0Bw60vmBu1O2dna0U_JKpiGNNdcRoSpPHrSrEXrN-A9-Ut_4/s400/009+Cheers+to+Napoleon.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="285" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy & Peter Olney</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgToAdN1-H-FR2qAiMVpY0V5GTNHzxAjTpVc9LFk9mW0aHS4W3lSJ_FfG63TD9Si0hM3r8GlnxB0tiQRxLGT2mF-MsEejAmvnT01dO75EkIHV-0Dokd8zA8PI3c94LwGFkz0InclNR9VoQ/s400/010+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's picnic fare</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ8A5VsbfGizCI7REoEw-G1QtcfP1dJCgcExss3mgxd626mvZnC_Bx1rMMQeyDMklPihSZYaTTPeWBHyjXLwbyyLPsIu4Ez0f4DCENtdhZ29qXH_GcSG3VsUY6MgzdkDOQlUeluWUcKvY/s1600/011+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ8A5VsbfGizCI7REoEw-G1QtcfP1dJCgcExss3mgxd626mvZnC_Bx1rMMQeyDMklPihSZYaTTPeWBHyjXLwbyyLPsIu4Ez0f4DCENtdhZ29qXH_GcSG3VsUY6MgzdkDOQlUeluWUcKvY/s400/011+Napoleon%2527s+Picnic+Platter.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The little cakes were delicious but not quite what Napoleon would have eaten!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xq-gEHe_2yKJSvtqexsXcJPhi0A9AarqBVjJqgiLiAmwWFBb6wbITT_XFyhtZ-RII3q_MuRdoQRBAl6IvNC8Pwa0dnQquTQ8hjqmckfS5BOg2QIZQaSp60AzA0MUZyfKDixlECVswrg/s320/012+Anne+Whiehead+author+of+Betsey+and+the+Emperor.JPG" width="260" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anne Whitehead launched her book "Betsy and the Emperor"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>"Betsy and the Emperor"</b> is about the British family, the <b>Balcombe family</b>, who lived at "The Briars" on the island of St Helena and incurred the wrath of the British Governor, Sir Hudson Lowe because of their friendship with Napoleon Bonaparte. Through that relationship with Napoleon they inevitably became closely acquainted with his immediate companions in his household, his devoted chamberlain and biographer, his physician and his valet.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Napoleon spent the first 7 weeks of his imprisonment on the island of St Helena with the Balcombe family while he waited for <b>"Longwood House" </b>to be completed and ready to shift into. Napoleon's friendship with 14 year old Betsy Balcombe whose impudent charm briefly enlivened his exile is interesting reading. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Anne's book follows the Balcombe family back to Britain and to the penal colony of New South Wales. The book argues that Napoleon, a master of strategy, had a particular reason for cultivating the Balcombes. It also answers how and why the lives of that English family on St Helena, the merchant William Balcombe, his wife who resembled the Empress Josephine, and their two pretty daughters, Betsy and Jane came to be entangled with Napoleon and the reason why he was anxious to entangle them.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
My interest is with the <b>Moss and Solomon families</b>, in particular with
<b>Saul Solomon</b> (1776-1852), the local Merchant on St Helena, often called "The
Merchant King of St Helena". Also Cousins <b>George Moss </b>1815-1898 and <b>Saul
Solomon</b> 1817-1892 who were business associates and owned "The Briars"
for half a century, and <b>"Longwood House" where Isaac Moss</b> <b>later lived.</b> <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Extracts from “Betsy and the Emperor” by Anne Whitehead re Saul Solomon
& Longwood House.</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 5</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> .….. In 1815, William Balcombe
had his official duties as superintendent of public sales for the Company but
also his separate interests as senior partner in the firm Balcombe, Cole and
Company, supplying vessels calling at Jamestown<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saul Solomon, proprietor with
his brothers Lewis and Joseph</b> of the town’s only emporium – ladies
fashions, fabrics, lace, jewellery and rosewater – studied the papers for
trends, knowing that styles would be half a year out of date by the time their
order arrived (allowing three months for the requisition and three for the
despatch) but that this did not matter to the ladies of St Helena as long as
they kept pace with one another……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 9</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">……The immediate issues were
housing and catering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The official
‘Secret letter’ stated that any residence on the island could be allocated for
Bonaparte, ‘with the exception of the Governor’s Plantation House’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wilks learned from the captain of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Icarus</i> that a retinue was coming with
the prisoner, not only his officers and servants but also some aristocratic
Frenchwomen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He thought <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood House</b>, the
lieutenant-governor’s isolated summer residence, could be a possibility, but it
was badly in need of repairs….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 10</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… With the fleet imminently
arriving under the command of the rear-admiral, there would also be another 200
sailors and soldiers and the massive logistical exercise of feeding them
all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the island’s food came from
the Cape of Good Hope and shortages were chronic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be a challenge for the
commissary-general and store-keeper, who allocated provisions brought by the
twice yearly store-ship, and for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomons
Merchants</b> and William Balcombe, the Company sales agent with a providore
business on the side.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In fact,
the merchants recognised splendid commercial opportunities in the new
situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Balcombe was pleased; as well
as his providore business, he owned the Union brewery supplying beer to the
garrison, and has an orchard and large vegetable garden at his home, The
Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would soon, like the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomons</b>, take advantage of the
increase in the island’s population by doubling his prices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there were negative implications for the
merchants as well: with the island removed from the jurisdiction of the East
India Company and patrolled by the Royal Navy, ships of other flags would be
unable to call for water, victualling and trading, thereby limiting
business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, Balcombe was a man
who looked in every setback for an opportunity and usually succeeded in finding
one ……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 32 – 33</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… Admiral Cockburn elected to
stay at the castle, where he had access to the warships in the bay, rather than
be a guest at Plantation House, the governor’s mansion out of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was determined that Bonaparte permanent
home would be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood House</b>, up on
the high plateau, remote enough to serve as a prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has recently been occupied by the
lieutenant-governor and his family as a summer retreat from the humidity of
Jamestown, but its earlier use was as a cattle house and barn, to which some
rough additions had been made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
dilapidated and at least two months’ work would be needed before it could be
acceptable accommodation ……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 42</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… I walked past the Consulate
Hotel down the steep main street, at the bottom of which the RMS St Helena,
still at anchor, was framed in the town wall’s archway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With some surprise I noted the sign <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Solomon & Company”</b> on a
substantial building – the largest island merchant during Napoleon’s captivity
and apparently still …...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 63 …. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The canaries and Java sparrows
Betsy described – brought by East India Company ships had gone, but Indian
mynahs flittered about in squabbling, fussy numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A former resident of The Briars was
responsible for the preponderance of these drab little creatures all over the
island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1868, Miss Phoebe Moss
brought a cage of six mynahs from England and released them in The Briars’ garden,
imagining they might feast on the invasive white ants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crumbling ruin that the house became
testified to the fact that they did not ……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 74</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ….. Mesdames Fanny Bertrand and
Albine de Montholon had little to do each day but read, sew, watch their
children play in the castle gardens, and find new ways of quarrelling with each
other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During breaks in hostilities they
visited <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saul Solomon’s store</b> in the
vague hope of finding something interesting to purchase. They were a popular
sight from the doors of the taverns, wine houses and hostels, teetering on
dainty Parisian heels up Jamestown’s cobbled main street, holding lace trimmed
parasols aloft to protect their complexions. Their ensembles in satin and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mousseline do soie</i> (silk muslin) were
the latest in Empire fashion, and Albine’s hourglass shape belied her new
pregnancy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encased in whalebone corsets,
the ladies found the summer hear unendurable.…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 75</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …... A welcome distraction came
with the news that Admiral Sir. George Cockburn was to host a ball at the
castle in late November.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The local
society people would attend, and also the military and ships officers, one of
whom wrote that if Sir George ‘can find the ladies, of course we shall go
there’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The real excitement was that the
French were to be invited, including their diabolical leader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whom among the local ladies might he ask for
a quadrille?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At Solomon’s store</b> and along the promenade they talked of little
else…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 76 – 78</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …... As the day drew closer,
Betsy’s own excitement could barely be contained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had been in boarding school for years and
had never attended such a grand occasion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She would need a new dress and chattered about fabrics and designs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, her father ruled that she was too
young; Jane could go, but Betsy must wait for at least a year before coming
out into society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She resolved to change
his mind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Written
invitations from the castle duly arrived for Napoleon and all his French
companions except the domestics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
there was a major problem with the wording.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On 14 November, which happened to be his birthday, Gourgaud made a glum
entry in his journal: ‘We receive invitations to the Admiral’s Ball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is one for “General Bonaparte”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon promptly refused it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said he did not know of such a person on
the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Send this card to General
Buonaparte’, he told Bertrand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The last
news I heard of him was at the Battle of the Pyramids’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Betsy was
still desperate to go, and pleaded with Napoleon to intercede with her
father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He surprised her by arguing her
case, and Balcombe relented. Soon she and Jane were paying a visit to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solomon’s store</b> with their mother to
choose silks, muslins and ribbons and to pore over the London fashions in “The
Lady’s Magazine”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsey was entranced
with the design for her dress, which was to be appliqued with delicate paper
roses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
evening, as was their frequent habit, Napoleon and Las Cases came to The Briar’
house after dinner for a game of whist, with sugar plums as stakes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The senior Balcombes were unaccountably
absent – Mrs Balcombe, who suffered from recurrent hepatitis, may have retired
early – but the little card table was set up in the parlour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon and Jane were to play together
against the ill-matched partnership of Betsey and the count.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The cards
were muddled and Las Cases was instructed to sort them into suits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the former chamberlain was occupied
with this fiddly task, Napoleon asked Betsy about her <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">robe de bal</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
inordinately proud of the new gown, her first, and had him to thank that she
would be wearing it to the castle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
ran upstairs and fetched, showing off the fine needlework and appliqued paper
roses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Very pretty’ he said.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Las Cases
returned to the table with the sorted deck, so Betsy placed the dress on the
sofa and the game began. It was soon clear that Napoleon was not abiding by the
rules.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsey caught him ‘peeping under
his cards as they were dealt to him, he endeavoured whenever he got an
important one to draw off my attention, and then slyly held it up for my sister
to see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I soon discovered this and,
calling him to order, told him he was cheating, and that if he continued to do
so, I would not play’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At the
end of the hand, Napoleon claimed to be the winner; when Betsey disputed this,
he laughed and declared that she was the cheat and should pay what she owed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">‘Never!
You revoked! You cheated!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At this
Napoleon jumped up and, calling her wicked (‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ah, you are merhante</i>!’), snatched up her ball drew from the sofa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ran from the room with it and up to the
pavilion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She gasped in
astonishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then she set off up the
path in pursuit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was too quick,
darting through the marquee and locking himself in the inner room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite her remonstrances and tears, he
called through the door that he was keeping the dress to teach her a lesson.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The ball
was the following evening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was no
sign of Napoleon throughout the day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Betsey sent several begging messages to the pavilion but was told that
the emperor was sleeping and could not be disturbed. Neither of her parents was
willing to approach him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because she was
not yet of an age to ‘come out’ into society, they had not wanted her to go in
the first place; nor would they have wished to engage their distinguished guest
on such a frivolous matter – although they must have wondered why he bothered
with it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The day
wore on and at last the hour arrived for their departure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The horses were brought around and the young
slave boys loaded the tine cases holding the ladies’ silks and satins – but not
Betsy’s beautiful gown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her mother and
sister would be able to change into their evening finery at the castle and she
would still be wearing her plain little house dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time they reached the gate she was
inclined to return home, but then Napoleon came running across the grass with
her gown over his arm. ‘Here, Miss Betsee, I have brought it for you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope you are a good girl now and that you
will enjoy the ball.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He walked beside
their horses until they came to the end of the bridle track which joined the
Sidepath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He asked idly about a
farmhouse he noticed far below. As they waved goodbye he called out toe Betsey:
‘Make sure that you dance with Gourgaud!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The emperor was mocking her as usual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She detested Gourgaud …..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">…..Gourgaud
was discomforted to be greeted by their host Admiral Cockburn, who requested –
with a firmness sounded like an order – that he should book the first quadrille
with Mrs Balcombe, the second with Betsy Balcombe and the third with Miss
Knipe, a farmer’s daughter…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 86 – 88</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ….. For weeks Napoleon had
observed the fatique parties of the 53<sup>rd</sup> Regiment as they wound
around the mountais to the beat of fifes and drums, building materials on their
shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now they were no longer heaving
stone blocks and timers, but rather furniture, rugs and pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood
House</b> would soon be ready for occupation…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bertrand
visited <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b> and reported that
the house smelled badly of paint. Betsy would ‘never forget the fury of the
emperor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He walked up and down the lawn,
gesticulating in the wildest manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
rage was so great that it almost chocked him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He declared that the smell of paint was so obnoxious to him that he
would never inhabit a house where it existed’…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 94 - 95</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">….. The garden at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b>, with agapanthus and iris
flower and the Tricolore flapping on the flagpole, is attractively wooded now,
but was bare and unsheltered when the French were installed in December
1815.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon was partly responsible
for the improvement; in 1818, after three years of boredom, he began work,
digging and planting out in the sun in loose trousers and a Chinese coolie hat,
saying: ‘One day, perhaps one hundred years from now, people will visit this
area and admire the garden’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Napoleon
was five and a half years at Longwood House, longer than he ever spent at any
imperial residence, for he used his palaces only between campaigns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our tour group was guided through the rooms,
shrines to the former emperor: the billiard room where he rarely played
billiards but spread his old campaign maps on the table; the circular holes in
the shutters were he squinted at Governor Lowe and the British guards through
his telescope; the huge globe of the world, sepia with age, where the island of
St Helena does not appear in the Atlantic, allegedly rubbed out by a furious
finger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is the dimly lit dining
room where meals were served with formal pomp, and the emperor’s little
bedchamber and sitting room, with his tricorne hat and a copy of the greatcoat
he wore at the Battle of Marengo displayed on the pink chaise lounge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We peered into the deep timber clad copper bath
in which he soaked for house, reading and fretting away his life. ‘Boredom,’
wrote Gourgaud in his journal, ‘boredom, boredom, sadness….’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most gloomy is the drawing room and the green
curtained campaign bed where Napoleon breathed his last on 5 May 1821.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Napoleon
was unimpressed with the renovations to the sprawling and rackety farmhouse,
still infested with rats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only part
he cared for was the new addition, an airy wooden reception hall with six
windows and a small lattice enclosed porch looking across to the Barn, dropping
almost sheer to the ocean far below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
narrow bedroom on the ground floor adjoined a small study; an antechamber
contained the one great improvement to his comfort: a deep lead-lined bath made
for him by ship’s carpenters from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Northumberland
</i>(later replaced by an imported copper one), and filled from buckets heated
over a fire outside…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 96</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …..Napoleon loathed the bare
surrounding of Longwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was incesed
to be told that he could walk and ride freely in an area only 12 miles in
circumference, much of it cut by ravines and therefore unusable; beyond that
limit he was to be accompanied by a British officer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A complex code of signals had been issued to
every sentry post, tracking the prisoner’s daily movements, whether inside the
house, in the garden or within the 12 mile corden……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 99</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… Balcombe brought his wife and
daughters to visit Napoleon at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood
House</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They found Napoleon sitting
on the steps of the green-latticed porch, chatting with young Tristan de
Montholon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he saw them he came
forward: ‘Running to my mother, he saluted her on each cheek.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After which fashion he welcomed my sister,
but, as usual with me, he seized me by the ear, and pinching it, exclaimed, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ah! Mademoiselle Betsee, etes-vous sage, eh
eh</i>?” – “Are you being good, eh?”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">He took
them on a tour of his ironically dubbed ‘palace’, leading them first to his
bedroom, which she found small and cheerless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The walls were covered in fluted nankeen fabric and the only decoration
she observed were the different portraits of his son and the Empress Marie
Louise which she had seen before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘His
bed was the little camp bestead, with green silk hangings, on which he said he
had slept when on the battlefields of Marengo and Austerlitz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only thing approaching to magnificence in
the furniture of his chamber, was a splendid silver wash-basin and ewer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first object on which his eyes would rest
on awaking, was a small bust of his son, which stood on the mantelpiece, facing
his bed, and above which hung a portrait of Marie Louise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We then passed on, through an ante-room, to a
small chamber, in which a bath had been put up for his use, and where he passed
many hours of the day.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">They
proceeded to the stone-flagged kitchen, where Napoleon asked Pierron the
confectioner to create creams and bonbons for the girls; he then led them into
the garden. Betsey found the view dismal and forbidding; the overhanging cliffs
and great hulk of the Barn, the iron-coloured rocks scattered with prickly pear
and aloes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Madame Bertrand had told Mrs
Balcombe the emperor stared for hours at the clouds rolling across it,
wreathing into fantastic shapes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Life for
Napoleon and his court at Longwood settled into a pattern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rose late and soaked in a hot bath,
revelling in this pleasure…... </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">After the
informalities of The Briars, meals were now observed with great pomp and
ceremony and a nighty tussle for precedence, the men in full dress uniform, the
ladies resplendent in jewels and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">decollete</i>
gowns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The liveried servants stood at
attention throughout the meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one
sat until invited by the emperor…….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 123</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… ‘I hate this <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b>,’ Napoleon fulminated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The sight of it makes me melancholy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him (Lowe) put me in some place where
there is shade, verdure and water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here
it either blows a furious wind, loaded with rain and fog, or the sun beats on
my head through the want of shade, when I go out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him (Lowe) put me on the Plantation House
side of the island if he really wishes to do anything for me. But what is the
use of coming up here proposing things and doing nothing?’….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 133</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… Lowe further restricted the
boundary of Longwood and commanded the 23 sentries to move close to the house
at dusk, rather than at 9pm, denying the prisoner his evening stroll in the
garden, for he refused to go out under guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead Bonaparte requested (not entirely seriously) that the servants
did ditches around the perimeter, eight or ten feet deep if necessary, so he
could walk in privacy…..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 139</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… At Longwood, Bonaparte
huddled by the fire, suffering toothache and a cold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘What a miserable thing is man!’ he
exclaimed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The smallest fibre in his
body, assailed by disease, is sufficient to derange his whole system.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He marvelled that his body was a most
‘curious machine … and perhaps I may be confined in it for thirty years
longer’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O’Meara,
who extracted the tooth, thought not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
informed the governor that in his view if Bonaparte continued to stay indoors
and refused to take exercise he would become ill and ‘in all probability his
existence in St Helena would not be protracted for more than a year or two’.
Low asked him to make note of his opinion, cautioning the doctor that in
writing it, he ‘must bear in mind that the life of one man was not to be put
into competition with the mischief which he might cause were he to get loose’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Betsey Balcombe sneaked a visit to Longwood
with her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Napoleon said that he
wished he could return to The Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Betsy found him less amiable than usual, his face swollen and inflamed.
He told me “Mr. O’Meara had just performed the operation of drawing a tooth,
which caused him some pain”. Betsy exclaimed, “What!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You complain of the pain so trifling an
operation can give?” She said “he astonished her, he who had survived countless
battles and bullets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am ashamed of
you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, nevertheless, give me the
tooth and I will get it set by Mr. Solomon as an ear-ring and wear it for your
sake”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The idea made him laugh heartily,
in spite of his suffering, and caused him to remark that he thought I should
never cut my wisdom teeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was always
in good humour with himself whenever he was guilty of anything approaching to
the nature of a witticism….. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 153 – 154</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> …… The article, which also
included an insinuating description of Napoleon and Betsy playing Blindman’s
Buff, noted that she was Napoleon’s favourite and would tell him everything
that passes through her flighty head. She asked him the most untoward
questioned but he answered them all without hesitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Montchenu concluded that Miss Betsee was the
wildest little girl he had ever met and expressed the opinion that she was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folle</i> – a madwoman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His account was very damaging to a young
lady’s reputation and future prospects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Betsey observed in her recollections “My father was much enraged at my
name thus appearing, and wished to call the marquess to account for his ill
nature”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, her mother’s
intercession prevailed, a duel was averted and “an ample apology” was obtained
from the marquis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When
Napoleon hears of the affront that “Miss Betsee” had received from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“vieux imbecile”</i> (old fool), he asked
O’Meara to call at The Briars with a message for her on his way to Jamestown.
He suggested how she might revenge herself: “It so happened, that the marquess
provided himself on the peculiar fashion of his wig, to which was attached a
long cue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This embellishment on his head
Napoleon desired me to burn off with caustic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was always ready for mischief and in this instance had a double
inducement, on the emperor’s promise to reward me, on the receipt of the
pigtail, with the prettiest fan Mr. Solomon’s shop contained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fortunately I was prevented indulging in this
most hoydenish trick by the remonstrances of my mother”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The next
time she saw Napoleon, she made much of being too dutiful to disobey her mother,
despite her inclination for revenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He
pinched my ear, in token of approval”, and said “Ah, Miss Bettee, to commences <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a etre sage</i>” – “You begin to be
sensible”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He then called Dr.O’Meara,
and asked him if he had procured the fan?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The doctor pointed; on perceiving which, Napoleon, with his usual good
nature, consoled me with the promise of something prettier – and he kept his
word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a few days I received a ring of
brilliants, forming the letter N, surmounted by a small eagle……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 159 - 160</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ….. In an interview for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Times,</i> Santini had deplored the
conditions in which his master lived: the climate at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood </b>was most unhealthy, with extremes of wind, humidity and
heat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house was a hovel and the roof
leaked; it was ‘infested by rats, who devour everything that they can
reach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the Emperor’s linen, even
that which was lately sent from England, has been gnawed and completely
destroyed by them……When the Emperor is at dinner the rats run about the apartment
and even creep beneath his feet.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, his strongest criticism was reserved for the food sent by
Balcombe the purveyor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The provisions
were always too small in quantity and frequently of bad quality. Often there
was no butcher’s meat for the emperor’s table, and Cipriani would send Santini
to town to purchase a sheep for four guineas or some pork for making soup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I was even, from necessity, in the habit of
repairing secretly to the English camp to purchase butter, eggs and bread, of
the soldier’s wives, otherwise the Emperor would often have been without
breakfast, and even without dinner.’ Santini claimed that he sometimes rose at
daybreak to shoot pigeons, or else the Emperor would have nothing for
breakfast, as ‘the provisions did not reach <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longwood</b> until two or three o’clock in the afternoon.’ He said that
in publishing his account he was fulfilling a ‘painful but sacred duty’……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 187</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ….. The inexplicable suddenness
of Cipriani’s death was a huge shock to Napoleon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt a blood tie with the Corsican, for
their two families had been friends back in Ajaccio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cipriani’s espionage work had facilitated the
escape from Elba; on St Helena he had frequented the town shops, mixed with
seamen in the taverns, and been tireless in collecting intelligence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An elaborate headstone was ordered (but
apparently never completed), and Bertrand paid Saul Solomon his hefty fee of
1400 gold francs for the burial arrangements……</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Page 388</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">…….On 9 December there was a
large headline in the Australian “Reported loss of the Nancy”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A French ship had found the vessel stricken
off the West African coast, waterlogged and deserted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This must
have been the most terrifying time in the lives of Jane Balcombe, Betsy and
her daughter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would have been far
from shore, for ships to England never hugged the African coast, and in grave
danger of drowning. The passengers had abandoned the ship in lifeboats and,
after what must have been days in the baking sun, perhaps with little food and
water, had all come to shore somewhere on the barren south-western coast of
Africa (today’s Namibia).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems they
waited for up to two weeks for the Nancy to be towed and repaired, while
accepting the hospitality of the local people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When the
ship’s captain was confident of taking the Nancy to sea again they set sail, only
to make an unexpected call at St Helena, presumably for supplies of food and
water and to ascertain that the repairs were holding. The emotions of Betsey
and her mother must have been in turmoil to see their beloved home The Briars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper floor now extended right across the
building with at least six bedrooms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
house was surrounded by mulberry trees, ripe with red berries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They learned that the East India Company had purchased
the property for 6000 Pounds from the merchant Solomon in August 1827, to
establish a mulberry plantation for feeding silkworms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The production of silk was to be St Helena’s
new industry, and like most other ventures it was doomed to failure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">They must
have visited Napoleon’s tomb, the willows shading it almost denuded by tourists
breaking off souvenirs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what would
have come as the greatest shock was to ascend the mountain (perhaps even taken
by the governor in his carriage) to see Longwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a wreck, having reverted to being a
barn and granary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a threshing
machine in the drawing room where Napoleon had died, his billiard room was
filled with potatoes and straw and his bathroom was a stable…..</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<b>About "The Briars" and the Balcombe family in Melbourne, Australia. </b></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<b> </b></h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>William Balcombe</b> was given the job of Colonial Treasurer in the new colony of Australia in 1824. He took up land in New South Wales near where Canberra is today and called that house "The Briars" also. His son <b>Alexander Balcombe</b>, as a young man travelled south. The Government was granting leases for farming and grazing land on the Mornington Peninsula. "Tichingorourke" was leased to Captian Reid, a retired army officer who found farming difficult, went backrupt and returned to Scotland. Alexander Balcombe took up some of the land covered by this lease. It was 40 miles from Melbourne along a rough bush track, a trip that took 2 days. In 1846 Alexander erected the pre-fabricated "Hutch", built the South Wing about 1850 and the North Wing about 1865. The Balcombes raised and sold livestock. Animals were taken overland to Melbourne and Balcombes owned a large grazing paddock at Mordialloc. This was a resting place about half way along the route to Melbourne. The Balcombes also owned a house in East Melbourne called "Eastcourt" where they stayed when in Melbourne. Alexander became quite wealthy and well known in Schnapper Point, now called Mornington. In the 1860s Alexander and Emma built a new home, extending onto the first homestead. It had sixteen rooms with fireplaces in every room, high ceilings and French windows which opened onto a wide verandah that went around the house. This new home was called<b> "The Briars" </b>after the one on St Helena. Trees were planted and hawthorn hedges were growing. There were flowers gardens, vegetable and herb gardens. Alexander made wine from the grapes in his vineyard. The farm provided all that the family needed. Dairy cows for milk, butter and cream. Hives of bees supplied honey, chooks were kept for eggs and meat. Fodder crops like oats, fed the animals. The house had a wing for the servants. During this period Alexander was able to buy freehold title to more than 500 hectares. Alexander and Emma had nine children but Stephen and William died when they were babies. Alexander was well known in Mornington, serving on many committees. He helped start the school and St Peters Anglican Church. He was a Magistrate. Emma found farm life very hard as she grew older. Later "The Briars" was leased out to other farmers and the Balcombes went to live at their home in East Melbourne where Alexander died in 1877 at 66 years old.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1mCLt__KxYxNb66tTa948xwhwcgwcVLVf8UrAlE2RZeQ8SwiUwun2Grp_qQCMCC415sGlCdgkCvSk_1pV0aaacCPvDzbncaVDW7vHuxq3WWMEHlaD9BE2slHzzBC7UgUjWkZv4t3wwYU/s1600/006+The+Briars+originally+owned+by+Balcombe+family%252C+now+National+Trust+owned.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1mCLt__KxYxNb66tTa948xwhwcgwcVLVf8UrAlE2RZeQ8SwiUwun2Grp_qQCMCC415sGlCdgkCvSk_1pV0aaacCPvDzbncaVDW7vHuxq3WWMEHlaD9BE2slHzzBC7UgUjWkZv4t3wwYU/s400/006+The+Briars+originally+owned+by+Balcombe+family%252C+now+National+Trust+owned.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Briars" at Mt Martha</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJEZ1khdKbW-fUgandCNDtskKMAQW5XscJBFlK_xJumkmwBUQzHjWaQ6RFPJyEPqG7yUKFGL7dACRXqMlYCLzUrdrV9YfdFOHkJi0m3GiA-zp6sFCqkmdZiFubcdRXxlpsG1g3SB7gKNs/s1600/004+Peter+at+The+Briars+built+mid+1860s.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJEZ1khdKbW-fUgandCNDtskKMAQW5XscJBFlK_xJumkmwBUQzHjWaQ6RFPJyEPqG7yUKFGL7dACRXqMlYCLzUrdrV9YfdFOHkJi0m3GiA-zp6sFCqkmdZiFubcdRXxlpsG1g3SB7gKNs/s400/004+Peter+at+The+Briars+built+mid+1860s.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Peter Olney at "The Briars" on 18 October 2015</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpQTVg9lusu6Oz0jvw2jt_wqnCQtVI6HpZoAShGeJ0RLC-AHT44yG8005G4BvqBRqN5jOZSno8AyNESaA3R2j2cM7cjDr9GcynSOChtnYWVdn6wdGVzyid0pDQ_tjA1ji__TmbUM-QGb8/s1600/003+The+Briars+18+October+2015+-+200+year+anniversary+since+Napoleon+lived+with+Balcombes+in+St+Helena.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpQTVg9lusu6Oz0jvw2jt_wqnCQtVI6HpZoAShGeJ0RLC-AHT44yG8005G4BvqBRqN5jOZSno8AyNESaA3R2j2cM7cjDr9GcynSOChtnYWVdn6wdGVzyid0pDQ_tjA1ji__TmbUM-QGb8/s400/003+The+Briars+18+October+2015+-+200+year+anniversary+since+Napoleon+lived+with+Balcombes+in+St+Helena.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Briars" at Mt Martha</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-siLpZUCwyGWNoSKS7_5k7eGURuagyEu9Y6nxCFJwuNNZg9Q2BUYqADYGqrt4A51h798Azrc6ZA0s1hc7OuBofAVRi37qBtELoR_cqj-D6t5keU1X56wPXytWqXKKM72SMQR9tND3XDw/s1600/005+Edwardian+wing+built+1907-+factory+produced+bricks+laid+in+a+stretcher+bond+pattern..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-siLpZUCwyGWNoSKS7_5k7eGURuagyEu9Y6nxCFJwuNNZg9Q2BUYqADYGqrt4A51h798Azrc6ZA0s1hc7OuBofAVRi37qBtELoR_cqj-D6t5keU1X56wPXytWqXKKM72SMQR9tND3XDw/s400/005+Edwardian+wing+built+1907-+factory+produced+bricks+laid+in+a+stretcher+bond+pattern..JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Edwardian Wing built about 1907. The bricks are laid with the long side of one brick (actually two bricks side by side) alternating with the end of a brick which has been laid at right angles to them. This pattern is known as Flemish bond which gives a double thickness to the wall. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAlfmGgHntYQieAl6O0NjV9pXs1af8ewrQc6a-tvdMTip-DlUnRIVt5spZhn_jTWayTDxOdKEoidivZ-c7MWgNFTJ6c1nDx42bP5ziD5PVQr2di9uwUsEIRsHPh0qb3ec0oizD4iQDvWk/s1600/016+Laundrydiary+built+1857-62.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAlfmGgHntYQieAl6O0NjV9pXs1af8ewrQc6a-tvdMTip-DlUnRIVt5spZhn_jTWayTDxOdKEoidivZ-c7MWgNFTJ6c1nDx42bP5ziD5PVQr2di9uwUsEIRsHPh0qb3ec0oizD4iQDvWk/s400/016+Laundrydiary+built+1857-62.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The laundry/Diary was built 1857-1862. The laundry is at the far end. During the 1920s era the cook prepared meals here when the kitchen was white-washed every spring. The central room is believed to be the dairy and the closest room, clad with corrugated iron was probably a store room.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKK29MjRguYlYWEz_w1qrFygbg5s9oBRKK_eNL4OGxMPqEzdSMauQJr0JhyKGqCRsGGDxlruGdmhJNrg6haXHqAHmNlEWtjYIQKz75ec4AdYncrXuISgDZS4kKm2jQEYUTAZ7XLYjuTU0/s1600/017+Chickens.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKK29MjRguYlYWEz_w1qrFygbg5s9oBRKK_eNL4OGxMPqEzdSMauQJr0JhyKGqCRsGGDxlruGdmhJNrg6haXHqAHmNlEWtjYIQKz75ec4AdYncrXuISgDZS4kKm2jQEYUTAZ7XLYjuTU0/s400/017+Chickens.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chickens</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKm7DogMVqc1aTa1-I2iLpB-1apmXC9zl4_-TG41778oHFKDakZiHWRh6JWeYcR8dbmFgOiV3cEMjONJwcBGpPgDNnwcRIX0uGlr5wcZibTfteShZgsNVWPA-UOlsfRstnh8XSubKvSmU/s1600/018+Stables+built+1850s.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKm7DogMVqc1aTa1-I2iLpB-1apmXC9zl4_-TG41778oHFKDakZiHWRh6JWeYcR8dbmFgOiV3cEMjONJwcBGpPgDNnwcRIX0uGlr5wcZibTfteShZgsNVWPA-UOlsfRstnh8XSubKvSmU/s400/018+Stables+built+1850s.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The stables can be seen on the hill. The block contained stall for three horses and a tack room. They were built in 1850s.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_cIwFnSD4H1HRM-Ea3wHYkWYy_f2hqy1K6dXpybLuHvhTdxUEimTWhuZWeUzoIecn4KalO5pNgplsS-R6eSkbU3mzavLbPkwODSOw6XsF05-w2cWNO7ozl1kP7El7g4bEQxYx2z6Vtao/s1600/019+The+Hutch+built+1846.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_cIwFnSD4H1HRM-Ea3wHYkWYy_f2hqy1K6dXpybLuHvhTdxUEimTWhuZWeUzoIecn4KalO5pNgplsS-R6eSkbU3mzavLbPkwODSOw6XsF05-w2cWNO7ozl1kP7El7g4bEQxYx2z6Vtao/s400/019+The+Hutch+built+1846.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hutch (West Wing) built about 1846. This wooden structure was the first section of the homestead to be erected. The family lived here while their brick homestead was being built. It was a pre-fabricated house that was brought out from England. Originally it was a two roomed cottage with a rear skillion. Shingles formed the original roofing and these are still in place beneath the present iron roof.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiupcdBLhikKRzqbfxiLk5CzNe2DVsyeX5T_KIxgAwAAMQWxP0sknUU-zJQFtUYlb2r0g2HGoWixdv0QlbQRUTaV4AcYAyVwQwOu_ly4oHjukjapDg9HmgRcXIdnweJZ2Og8lzGPk3-fHk/s1600/022+The+Garage+houses+horse+drawn+vehicles+%2526+furphy+watertank+on+wheels.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiupcdBLhikKRzqbfxiLk5CzNe2DVsyeX5T_KIxgAwAAMQWxP0sknUU-zJQFtUYlb2r0g2HGoWixdv0QlbQRUTaV4AcYAyVwQwOu_ly4oHjukjapDg9HmgRcXIdnweJZ2Og8lzGPk3-fHk/s400/022+The+Garage+houses+horse+drawn+vehicles+%2526+furphy+watertank+on+wheels.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Garage was built pre-World War 11 and extended from the original in 1955. It now houses a couple of horse drawn vehicles and a furphy water tank on wheels.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt837ThqJk96v_9i70p3y3bj52d85PO1npEuk0uOrRPhAAHxbra3liJBzLRaIVSBzHmh6a2ruTBygfm97inT8RUEK4qAeNPxLIfTUueEANuKk2scdt0aDSgAbJbtKAoiw0TmWLzmu7qZU/s1600/025+The+Briars.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt837ThqJk96v_9i70p3y3bj52d85PO1npEuk0uOrRPhAAHxbra3liJBzLRaIVSBzHmh6a2ruTBygfm97inT8RUEK4qAeNPxLIfTUueEANuKk2scdt0aDSgAbJbtKAoiw0TmWLzmu7qZU/s400/025+The+Briars.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The North Wing was built mid 1860s of hand made bricks. Four rooms now make up this wing and displays items of interest about St Helena and Napoleon. The front door is a panelled and painted half-glazed door. The verandah roof was originally straight and altered to a curved one when it was re-roofed in the 19th century. The Banksia rose across the verandah is well over one hundred years old and is said to be a cutting from neighbour Georgiana McCrae.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<b> </b></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Alexander's descendants, the Murphy and a'Beckett families remained at "The Briars" until 1976. In that year Richard a'Beckett sold the remaining 220 hectares to the Shire of Mornington and presented "The Briars" Homestead and surrounding eight hectares of lawns, old established trees, gardens and outbuildings jointly to the Shire and the National Trust of Australia (Victoria), for the people and in memory of his wife Elizabeth Clare.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The Homestead today contains a collection of Balcombe family photographs, National Trust owned furniture typical of the nineteenth centry, and the Dame Mabel Brookes Family Records of Napoleon. It was on the island of St Helena in 1815 that Alexander's father and Dame Mabel's great grandfather William Balcombe befriended the exiled French Emperor, permitting him to live temporarily in a pavilion attached to the original Briars. William's career with the East India Company was nearly destroyed by this perceived indiscretion and resulted in his recall to England on suspicion of treason. Exonerated in 1824, he was appointed as the first Colonial Treasurer of New South Wales. </span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h4>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjvnzcMaGVam1OHGkL-sl-afed0ft0HzanuSkY0IfnnzXxjFZIHhWv_AcKNRZrPaftqn2BuT7P8Ga2MrlbJsjsrKGXl271SR2b1cb1hWaELRrw3DKX7XcONYDUw9ALuPfm892xyFaAfww/s640/001+The+Briars+wetlands+Aug+2015.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Briars" - A Cultural Landscape. This pastoral lease was firstly named Tichingorourke after the Boonwurrung people who lived, hunted and gathered here for tens of thousands of years.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
If you see anything that needs correction or for comments, please contact the author, <b>Joy Olney</b> via email - <b>joyolney@gmail.com</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
If you are really interested in Napoleon, St Helena, the Moss and Solomon families you might like to take a look at more posts within this Blog at<b> http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au/ </b> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Another Blog of interest would be - <b>http://olneyfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au/</b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<b> </b></h4>
Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894699872656009389.post-41704515346086212852015-12-01T04:28:00.002-08:002021-01-20T02:25:55.208-08:00Our tribute to Napoleon - 200 years later.<br />
<b>http://solomonmossfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au/</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinKC_jqti8fThfMvijlrdzDxMqPHfLNkdHy7GA83VSSNnapi6lblExPXXL6gjsUpxiEy8pez09I6rkH4zIFQGZHiQ3Uv_9hMWUegaWwCNKAOxraDK6wdljeSQFIYvCVJ7sfR2xSO_JB4Y/s1600/001+Departing+Tullamarine+for+London+6+Sept.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinKC_jqti8fThfMvijlrdzDxMqPHfLNkdHy7GA83VSSNnapi6lblExPXXL6gjsUpxiEy8pez09I6rkH4zIFQGZHiQ3Uv_9hMWUegaWwCNKAOxraDK6wdljeSQFIYvCVJ7sfR2xSO_JB4Y/s640/001+Departing+Tullamarine+for+London+6+Sept.JPG" width="481" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Darren took his Mum to London for a treat - and what a treat it was!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Darren was going to London on business on 6 September 2016, so suggested I came with him.<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Darren </b>wanted to give his Mum a treat as my husband and his father <b>Peter Olney </b>had passed away on 9 May 2016. An opportunity not to be missed. As a result of writing many family history blogs over recent years, I had made some good contacts and here was my opportunity to be able to meet some of them. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>In 2013 I published the Olney Family Archives.</b><br />
<b>http://olneyfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A cousin found my blog and she challenged me to find out more about Doris Olney. If you start reading at the <b>"Arthur & Doris Olney"</b> Post, then the "<b>Keith & Marjorie Olney</b>" Post, you will soon discover that Doris Moss had family connections to <b>Napoleon and St Helena,</b> the island where Napoleon was in exile 1815 - 1821. The Post <b>"Doris Moss - as discovered in 2014"</b> reveals a lot.<br />
<br />
What was Doris' father <b>Clement Moss</b> going to do with two young children after his wife <b>Matilda Moss</b> died in 1898? <b>Doris was only 2 years old</b> when her mother died in Adelaide, South Australia. She was brought up by the family of her deceased mother's first husband <b>Archibald Glasson</b> who had died in New Zealand in 1892. The <b>Glasson family </b>were thought to be friends of the Olney family without knowing the real connection until I discovered it.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
When Matilda Moss died there was also a <b>10 week old baby Claude Moss</b> that had to be cared for. The oldest brother of Clement Moss, <b>Valentine & Elizabeth Moss brought Claude up as their own</b> in New Zealand. It was interesting to observe that Claude spent many years living in London without ever knowing he had 2 half brothers and 2 half sisters also living in England. Sad story but has now had a good ending.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Clement Moss, the father of Doris & Claude</b> went to the Boer War in South Africa in 1899 and stayed in South Africa for a few years. Clement ended up in England in about 1909 and <b>married</b> <b>Emily Swift in 1913. </b> Together they had 4 children - <b>Kathleen, Clement, Cyril and Vera.</b> The boys have since passed away.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSltdEgs5OpdIRuTNgGjL5AStnAXVnzF5MkyTPtEFIM3pz1NqH2uiL683ZOv-5wva2d7vu8_F9JIRwtR14XQPGxXSfTGizvgncBufC0V9fuJqQAE9mZisFMusI1TXmvzdgGugXvAUCy8/s1600/011+Clement+Moss+during+Boer+War+in+South+Africa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSltdEgs5OpdIRuTNgGjL5AStnAXVnzF5MkyTPtEFIM3pz1NqH2uiL683ZOv-5wva2d7vu8_F9JIRwtR14XQPGxXSfTGizvgncBufC0V9fuJqQAE9mZisFMusI1TXmvzdgGugXvAUCy8/s400/011+Clement+Moss+during+Boer+War+in+South+Africa.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clement George Moss at the Boer War in South Africa 1899-1902.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Darren and I had the privilege of meeting the half sisters of Doris & Claude Moss in Worthing, England. I need to remind you that neither the Australian family or the English family of Clement Moss knew of each others existance until I discovered it in 2014, so this meeting was very special for us all.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSAX8R-lFm0Pth9dnE5MtT9Vffiy506DYhSaEIdWnKmkAgQKlcR_AqoGEFFXLAV1GJAJvDCVgTXz5oX_eV4PsdkhVy04VXvUm9iQABjNeL7fbRb3bhsbnU2WdGRaQBwASMiEtA1osZBDI/s400/008+Lunch+with+Trevor+%2526+Mark+Wood%252C+Kath+Wood+%2526+Vera+Ames+at+Worthing.JPG" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kathleen Wood (95), her son Trevor Wood, Darren, Peter Wood, Joy & Vera Ames (102).</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhkBM9OzmUptu8qhyphenhyphen0LQ5eQHsz68weFVB__IF8N0DisUe39TvyqiyyLWxQm_FYZhyphenhyphenA1T3q1ve5nHKeQe2igDTh9nw159H0derYCDtR8vXq-5o6f8r0B7T_0gAF5Mf43mn98EreuF-cGOc/s1600/009+Lunch+with+Trevor+%2526+Mark+Wood%252C+Vera+Ames+%2526+Kath+Wood+at+Worthing.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhkBM9OzmUptu8qhyphenhyphen0LQ5eQHsz68weFVB__IF8N0DisUe39TvyqiyyLWxQm_FYZhyphenhyphenA1T3q1ve5nHKeQe2igDTh9nw159H0derYCDtR8vXq-5o6f8r0B7T_0gAF5Mf43mn98EreuF-cGOc/s400/009+Lunch+with+Trevor+%2526+Mark+Wood%252C+Vera+Ames+%2526+Kath+Wood+at+Worthing.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Descendents of Clement Moss 1870-1933 meet for lunch.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2LhwIxFe7vSCJFzAP5SZqo1EJ4GAcpMqRbsqWjSDyKT6hQtB6w2Lco5k6HeSnfKXgaP5ASA0hhJRynfnYK93RILW0-Uklzf2YmAojYBKz4zwrpz0m1JjphgZuh7dUKzRV5kL_1xWQ1k/s640/010+Joy+with+Vera+%2526+Kath+at+Worthing.JPG" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy with the half sisters of Doris Moss - Kathleen Wood (95) and Vera Ames (102)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguBCTUJHgq1mYxdw3OYFSnWfDqeSiBYLfiDDzH7-iWnsfecJ4Ekt2zvon-BdO9HtD_CnNVNhtIrbrFKDPeNwi6FExsUODY8ZqStFWYgVLIJ57FCmfdiL3WHYuJMliGl2KaCv8igrLA-FM/s1600/015+Vera+Ames+102+at+Worthing.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguBCTUJHgq1mYxdw3OYFSnWfDqeSiBYLfiDDzH7-iWnsfecJ4Ekt2zvon-BdO9HtD_CnNVNhtIrbrFKDPeNwi6FExsUODY8ZqStFWYgVLIJ57FCmfdiL3WHYuJMliGl2KaCv8igrLA-FM/s400/015+Vera+Ames+102+at+Worthing.JPG" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vera Ames (102).</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgbJKBugCnFVbvo1D9VpXTZMMGjPe_n2MVZzRxefvzXUr10f0nLVS-s7HxasZ3inPvzEVlu6VKuVPk9drtUr7-XylEL6g0XNMFouTzXDM5VEEQYi5jbBQtIGiyd1OW9D8w5_RPtJAlms/s1600/017+Moss+sisters+-+Kath+95%252C+Joy+73%252C+Vera+102.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgbJKBugCnFVbvo1D9VpXTZMMGjPe_n2MVZzRxefvzXUr10f0nLVS-s7HxasZ3inPvzEVlu6VKuVPk9drtUr7-XylEL6g0XNMFouTzXDM5VEEQYi5jbBQtIGiyd1OW9D8w5_RPtJAlms/s640/017+Moss+sisters+-+Kath+95%252C+Joy+73%252C+Vera+102.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy visited the ladies again during the next week.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Darren and I also visited Dr Veronica Moss, one of Clement Frederick Moss' 4 daughters. We also had a skype call to Veronica's sister Ulla in Sweden.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtqYuNcNq-LFIOtckO9vDCt8rxk1jyqDkRqNeLA1BHfCAAZGbLUkogIYt4nh8d9ySurU-jZFmqbP1oNM2O3B11Vmu2RpgttL2Rhb0vra49ltFWjuRZfruOdQx_DLbpsdouF4Y6IZNCce4/s1600/006+Joy+%2526+Darren+visit+Veronica+Moss+in+Southend-on-sea.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtqYuNcNq-LFIOtckO9vDCt8rxk1jyqDkRqNeLA1BHfCAAZGbLUkogIYt4nh8d9ySurU-jZFmqbP1oNM2O3B11Vmu2RpgttL2Rhb0vra49ltFWjuRZfruOdQx_DLbpsdouF4Y6IZNCce4/s640/006+Joy+%2526+Darren+visit+Veronica+Moss+in+Southend-on-sea.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Darren Olney, Veronica Moss and Joy Olney.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhefvGHKcb97WHVM8UQ9yprFGKXTrRAIw-lkfEXH8Y75vdFhHCDI1UtWjGnIdcu-qfjqj3rdFtoISuFLLjVapY-6YMT0uCzzL0FBSM0NjsygmrdXUy4z-B901PlXx4Aayn7_ONrTO8YV0/s400/007+Veronica+Moss+%2526+Joy.JPG" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Veronica Moss and Joy Olney.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b> </b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiae8PK1utek1Nb_yqJIlCvuJmMAItdk_1HvqyDNVF-M9a6OAZyGZs44zxLMeijos_JN93eEJo6hFuvnUngPxAzfn1WZKG03PQcSqEp46XOYe0UWNvcShkTJMcnFQTQF4ytjUuEp3mf4ro/s400/018+Joy+%2526+Dominie+Newton+Dunn+in+London.JPG" width="266" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy Olney met Dominee Newton Dunn for coffee, the grand-daughter of Cyril Moss.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b> </b>An interesting story here is that several weeks after Dominie and I meet, Dominie had coffee with an old university friend that she had not seen for many years as Charlotte had been living in Australia and was known to Darren. Charlotte and I had met just a week earlier in London with Darren. Charlotte and Dominie were sharing with each other about meeting a lady just a few weeks earlier that had shared an incredible story about how she had found part of the family that they never knew existed - 100 years later. That lady was ME. What a small world we live in.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrrsb95e0h7WDhGfZIFcC4uoA5h77F1hAW2vqRRUBYEWN_MVVE6JQ6k1ZToa13hts-UabsISuHsc87dsSQ15i5KZ5-ZsvuiGFp9qhFpDZ-B3CQ37PnpazT7sHSMJuQ8JTdr29tAtw6xFY/s400/094+Drinks+with+Dan+%2526+Charlotte+at+The+Anchor.JPG" width="300" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drinks with Charlotte & Dan and Darren at The Anchor in London.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Off to Paris </b></h3>
<br />
After visiting the Moss
family in England and hearing all their stories about the Moss family in St Helena and their associations with Napoleon on St Helena 200 years ago, Darren and I were inspired to take a few days out to visit Paris and take in some Napoleonic history. Darren came away with the notion that as his <b>great great great great grandfather Isaac Moss (1796-1864)</b>
was a good friend of Napoleon's while he was exiled on the island of St
Helena 1815 until his death in 1821, we should do some more research
about Napoleon in Paris.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpv1QCfS14pR9KkBQUEj3fNH14uO8seWROv4DtNS-o2obglX751aLyHXxoxXW2F7qjgzYVojpuJKBLuMBHsoGo-DJGX6n94Y037y95NB8TsEfWjSaBe_Vf5eUMMJaA7HPHIc0doV4gkc/s1600/131+King%2527s+Cross+St+Pancreas+station+on+way+to+Paris.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXpv1QCfS14pR9KkBQUEj3fNH14uO8seWROv4DtNS-o2obglX751aLyHXxoxXW2F7qjgzYVojpuJKBLuMBHsoGo-DJGX6n94Y037y95NB8TsEfWjSaBe_Vf5eUMMJaA7HPHIc0doV4gkc/s400/131+King%2527s+Cross+St+Pancreas+station+on+way+to+Paris.JPG" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkvdqr7FCGKAnnnggJAM9dkUol0sQbbiLQ_DNVgvBWGGUaiabuuh_iwXY5a3_88zHmChyXGgVWKeGv3eVHttNLDQo8wMk_oDxW_KbLU0bH6QVGVDPxeSmbv3jVnt6kSDdLBIE8_gUP_G4/s1600/132+King%2527s+Cross+St+Pancreas+Station.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkvdqr7FCGKAnnnggJAM9dkUol0sQbbiLQ_DNVgvBWGGUaiabuuh_iwXY5a3_88zHmChyXGgVWKeGv3eVHttNLDQo8wMk_oDxW_KbLU0bH6QVGVDPxeSmbv3jVnt6kSDdLBIE8_gUP_G4/s320/132+King%2527s+Cross+St+Pancreas+Station.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leaving London from King's Cross St Pancreas Station via Eurostar through the English Channel. We travelled light by sharing that small case!</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="height: 52px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; width: 15px;"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top"><br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDwiAA6_1P4sKKXPm4v10cYc_UJ404Xn-4YouBA0cly1woQsWXw_tM-b267wOtjRg-93RgZSiS5NjWuC3yBesG7GEyR29Z9E80rO00jgF7guThokg7N6jigVnc-QmH6r6ImfiTdx4Kq8/s1600/002+Travelling+London+to+Paris+on+Eurostar+via+English+Chanel.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></a><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKmpoMnm3ZKpLJVTmPUFJt08KUoPv99AxhbEm2f3BJGTJ7jclFIn6JnKl8BWTwgvtiPo695A8McEcOPeDmNA8o2lukuJpXPEbHRY-KoeYZU1kgZq4FA8Flh1eM7pGbzAxSiPKOMVbRSLI/s1600/003+Arrived+in+Paris+via+Eurostar.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKmpoMnm3ZKpLJVTmPUFJt08KUoPv99AxhbEm2f3BJGTJ7jclFIn6JnKl8BWTwgvtiPo695A8McEcOPeDmNA8o2lukuJpXPEbHRY-KoeYZU1kgZq4FA8Flh1eM7pGbzAxSiPKOMVbRSLI/s640/003+Arrived+in+Paris+via+Eurostar.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We chose to go via Eurostar from King's Cross St Pancreas Station in London to Gare du Nord, Paris via the English Channel</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDwiAA6_1P4sKKXPm4v10cYc_UJ404Xn-4YouBA0cly1woQsWXw_tM-b267wOtjRg-93RgZSiS5NjWuC3yBesG7GEyR29Z9E80rO00jgF7guThokg7N6jigVnc-QmH6r6ImfiTdx4Kq8/s1600/002+Travelling+London+to+Paris+on+Eurostar+via+English+Chanel.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDwiAA6_1P4sKKXPm4v10cYc_UJ404Xn-4YouBA0cly1woQsWXw_tM-b267wOtjRg-93RgZSiS5NjWuC3yBesG7GEyR29Z9E80rO00jgF7guThokg7N6jigVnc-QmH6r6ImfiTdx4Kq8/s400/002+Travelling+London+to+Paris+on+Eurostar+via+English+Chanel.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Station proceedures were just like at an Airport. The Eurostar travels at speeds up to 300kmph, slowing to 160kmph through the 50 kms tunnel in the English Channel. The tunnel was opened by Queen Elizabeth in 1994. The trip takes 2 hours 15 minutes.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ1ce_MTiGq7eAbPogDSs79Fp7JD5_Oo1mlie_bEPqDhqurqhswlK4skXUvn2eldh3lRkvK10Wb5-ebhgqLNaB9kRI8ePfERNQ8z53JOfgO1ejUIvzJdDwIS5-GFHClB0XbO1IRyRzOcQ/s1600/005+La+Defense+underground+train+station+in+Paris.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ1ce_MTiGq7eAbPogDSs79Fp7JD5_Oo1mlie_bEPqDhqurqhswlK4skXUvn2eldh3lRkvK10Wb5-ebhgqLNaB9kRI8ePfERNQ8z53JOfgO1ejUIvzJdDwIS5-GFHClB0XbO1IRyRzOcQ/s400/005+La+Defense+underground+train+station+in+Paris.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We negotiated our way via the underground rail system to our accomodation.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This was Le Defense Station. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCj8iTvpISyA6wgCf5cSUnM7z_vQynyRm7sa0YHv1kMbg0T7x0jFCYqPd_RtBTE6w08q6KiRp3KASAjNlBtC3YKvRqOWtFbM382m6VcYJL0Q5Z4gd80l7-yVfmowDh7WyYxQg6_d6qJgQ/s1600/041+Undreground+train+in+Paris.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCj8iTvpISyA6wgCf5cSUnM7z_vQynyRm7sa0YHv1kMbg0T7x0jFCYqPd_RtBTE6w08q6KiRp3KASAjNlBtC3YKvRqOWtFbM382m6VcYJL0Q5Z4gd80l7-yVfmowDh7WyYxQg6_d6qJgQ/s400/041+Undreground+train+in+Paris.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The stations and trains were very clean and easy to board.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWWYx280UTrhE1Fw5iD_nN11Pnzj3LTXTJ29J6_5bhI55tmqEb7XihWH7fx4QO7jFz4SdOmJixH62DhK7uvJ_JGx5RMLPOc5jHYn7iHVAFC2ZPYN8JJWoIK_GuNPNb9L-kxJqhXF_ZKYM/s1600/009+Kitchen+%2526+lounge+with+Darren+on+sofa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWWYx280UTrhE1Fw5iD_nN11Pnzj3LTXTJ29J6_5bhI55tmqEb7XihWH7fx4QO7jFz4SdOmJixH62DhK7uvJ_JGx5RMLPOc5jHYn7iHVAFC2ZPYN8JJWoIK_GuNPNb9L-kxJqhXF_ZKYM/s400/009+Kitchen+%2526+lounge+with+Darren+on+sofa.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our accomodation in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
We were keen to get out and explore Paris. <br />
<br />
Firstly we went to <b>Chateau de Malmaison</b>, the home of Josephine and Napoleon Bonaparte. Josephine purchesed the property in 1799 while her husband was off fighting in Egypt. Josephine was given the estate after the couple divorced in 1809 and lived there until her death 5 years later in 1814. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) rose to prominence during the French Revolution as Emperor of France 1804-1815, then exiled to St Helena 1815-1821.<br />
<br />
We particularly went to Chateau de Malmaison to see the<b> agreement made between</b> <b>Queen Victoria and Isaac Moss in 1857</b>. Isaac Moss was paid 3500 English Pounds to break his 21 year lease of <b>"Longwood House" </b>(Napoleon's home while in exile on St Helena), but unfortunately the Napoleonic section was closed so we could not see it. About 1838 Isaac Moss took on a 14 year lease of "Longwood House" (1838-1852) and in 1852 Isaac took on a 21 year lease but that was cut short in 1857. "Longwood House" today is St Helena's Museum, Napoleon's grave is empty as his body was exhumed and taken back to Paris in 1840 and "The Briars" where the Balcombe family lived and hosted Napoleon for the first 6 weeks of his stay on St Helena was given back to the French in 1959. Today all three locations fly the French flag. Many of the Moss children were born at "Longwood House", hence why we have a particular interest in "Longwood House" and Napoleon. <br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkPuWmHVnVq5oQvWWvy0Lxc_VcTkYfTwF8hKlqBBBlUsYiCe4ZQSPSMmxRlcQ-4vgxN_4c4LcwqbcsQVmdkvSaTYAzGK6K7ZWA5Nw5A5DyHsIfztGVM8GcWuwhdmORVrALcT3JHwhE4eA/s640/013+Napoleon%2527s+Coronation+at+Notre+Dame+2+Dec+1804.JPG" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon Bonaparte and Empress Josephine were crowned at Notre Dame on 2 December 1804.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdkxnUdsurnHqeb6sHyPFn6hsqA5W-TSeHctJE-YyZHSY-4E8dhZdpa0d30KZHDMHQ0GC42vOApA388ZFTURbpHqmrfzRkpUkJDJvAyyfKGlTN1AYdhcC-ABHVsjR2j72_KnZpESqprlA/s1600/020+Josephine+Napoleon+married+Josephine+1796+%2526+divorced+her+1810+to+remarry+%2526+have+children.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdkxnUdsurnHqeb6sHyPFn6hsqA5W-TSeHctJE-YyZHSY-4E8dhZdpa0d30KZHDMHQ0GC42vOApA388ZFTURbpHqmrfzRkpUkJDJvAyyfKGlTN1AYdhcC-ABHVsjR2j72_KnZpESqprlA/s640/020+Josephine+Napoleon+married+Josephine+1796+%2526+divorced+her+1810+to+remarry+%2526+have+children.JPG" width="452" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Empress Josephine was crowned on 2 December 1804 at Notre Dame in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Many portraits adorned the walls of Chateau de Malmaison, the furniture was equisite so here are some for your enjoyment.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI_49_EQX9dKdQgO-wifVfdgahXS0K06v9sIJIph2ppQrOvLVq8uNEL8c5ZVN7Yx0IdIdJfEx6TolAYD1pRYb49BNHFWscQYRfMb0YA9tjy8aO0vTkvBnr0RG4ssKKKYTjXyG4WBq6fk/s1600/007+Bust+of+Napoleon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvI_49_EQX9dKdQgO-wifVfdgahXS0K06v9sIJIph2ppQrOvLVq8uNEL8c5ZVN7Yx0IdIdJfEx6TolAYD1pRYb49BNHFWscQYRfMb0YA9tjy8aO0vTkvBnr0RG4ssKKKYTjXyG4WBq6fk/s400/007+Bust+of+Napoleon.JPG" width="235" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bust of Napoleon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp86FqyBS5xE1y6JHMKlT3Gtwzp4Iqdj6KN1eMVIZ-J7pujUE62wK2vgdV5T5FXgkv0IBTfQVr8auMX8wXHfZgEnhzrnYouU4x_8cLE15uzbydq4cViEoSkvPHhnYyVTHAjHP5_vaqITg/s1600/008+Josephine+died+1814.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp86FqyBS5xE1y6JHMKlT3Gtwzp4Iqdj6KN1eMVIZ-J7pujUE62wK2vgdV5T5FXgkv0IBTfQVr8auMX8wXHfZgEnhzrnYouU4x_8cLE15uzbydq4cViEoSkvPHhnYyVTHAjHP5_vaqITg/s400/008+Josephine+died+1814.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portraits of Josephine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoW-SUn1BY6dtRMpbnG8rQy1K7pmpBbtMFY_PrHfDUMcZWUVFP4CNinuKpXgjPxYkDRrQC_D10NTGDfdp2AA9H9TyGw5TE8y5-ILlGmghIbVTZD_GLzhikBaOw1gXxClLmWciycdh8ifc/s1600/009+Napoleon+Bonaparte.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoW-SUn1BY6dtRMpbnG8rQy1K7pmpBbtMFY_PrHfDUMcZWUVFP4CNinuKpXgjPxYkDRrQC_D10NTGDfdp2AA9H9TyGw5TE8y5-ILlGmghIbVTZD_GLzhikBaOw1gXxClLmWciycdh8ifc/s400/009+Napoleon+Bonaparte.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6GlxGrL8HbrV3BVRJIxVaAA_qUMTie4PIPoC6oW5PxPZYeVoLy-aA652k6v0evY1KKOqxpalkTmmvu7nlGCUWWWAPGKPjRAoUr94HOsaUIzSqEjnRBnjzWwvrCIzF9tKmZfRyNFDM84U/s1600/011+Napoleon%2527s+bedchamber.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6GlxGrL8HbrV3BVRJIxVaAA_qUMTie4PIPoC6oW5PxPZYeVoLy-aA652k6v0evY1KKOqxpalkTmmvu7nlGCUWWWAPGKPjRAoUr94HOsaUIzSqEjnRBnjzWwvrCIzF9tKmZfRyNFDM84U/s400/011+Napoleon%2527s+bedchamber.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's bed chamber</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0NiOJx5YLJBTv6JISyZ2M98yK3nAH0EWNa6d-0FEGFtw4Czvdc0mxvkWK7SK69MSDiHxYp0XVgK8KMc9xUWd-v5CT8d6tptXdzyrOcdP1sWamWrhMrmJdhmpv0kSnXxUpdDE1JJ_sJio/s400/016+Famous+portrait+of+Napoleon+Bonaparte.JPG" width="328" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Napoleon Crossing the Alps" by Jacques-Louis David.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJIxAM8Ey0q0JZ65KMjcJaw4WuLiNIMLFR40oiLKsNAaeI3jXGEqF-B4YvoweeeYrC3f4vkXL2Mg3GzLhwK5s8z5DRpmxjVePn9X_hlLVz0bhFA7vW8B3X0l37Ux1oM6N6e2Bhglc9BM/s1600/017+Napoleon+Bonaparte.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJIxAM8Ey0q0JZ65KMjcJaw4WuLiNIMLFR40oiLKsNAaeI3jXGEqF-B4YvoweeeYrC3f4vkXL2Mg3GzLhwK5s8z5DRpmxjVePn9X_hlLVz0bhFA7vW8B3X0l37Ux1oM6N6e2Bhglc9BM/s400/017+Napoleon+Bonaparte.JPG" width="315" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Another famous portrait of Napoleon.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeBSTPA2THUf7tVp81oY8D-vHBvMArXgktJZeIjUA6ziIW7Y9gOtMEIdAK0dlgMSP61qYCMfvSJW0PBvB7DTLJrrBw9KHvXiP_QYQYIymVYUodCJCdYFQz-lrQtfJkE9qV4q2zlzAlay0/s1600/018+Napoleon%2527s+table+top.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeBSTPA2THUf7tVp81oY8D-vHBvMArXgktJZeIjUA6ziIW7Y9gOtMEIdAK0dlgMSP61qYCMfvSJW0PBvB7DTLJrrBw9KHvXiP_QYQYIymVYUodCJCdYFQz-lrQtfJkE9qV4q2zlzAlay0/s400/018+Napoleon%2527s+table+top.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A table top commissioned by Napoleon with portraits of leaders.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHSj7ZS9r5bY2QMlUe7flYMFuaQdaDQd4V_i1svpnqh8l_iIaiFh9z-Dus0Wo1ku-oB57ZsxMj15lCCHuiEvJjQOK4qWjvbfcxp-w2pYANY1U68evh3GpvAz_kpTyGpaOD0YD8F_HGvv0/s400/019+Napoleon%2527s+table.JPG" width="266" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Table designed by Napoleon </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwcw9XeawuKHN7Ysl7boc0dsJ4khHbIOl1ts4ccAe5bpt200ZwCo4h8Ih5pJ61nKjv8lHdVAfQ_1BmHNG71P84fTaeFvcPtg6TrfCKWM4K_BGXGy1KH8DqgP_BlEr6vft0CYhrBE13Erg/s1600/021+Drawing+Room+Note+bust+of+Napoleon+%2526+Josephine.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwcw9XeawuKHN7Ysl7boc0dsJ4khHbIOl1ts4ccAe5bpt200ZwCo4h8Ih5pJ61nKjv8lHdVAfQ_1BmHNG71P84fTaeFvcPtg6TrfCKWM4K_BGXGy1KH8DqgP_BlEr6vft0CYhrBE13Erg/s400/021+Drawing+Room+Note+bust+of+Napoleon+%2526+Josephine.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drawing Room - note the bust of Napoleon and Josephine in the corner.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfj6MUlJZHlgRi8LXorDX4611cM9v-y9IH3DLwaR0cvpeEU05xt3tPsMcJBQdrjIZS2ogZiFbQ-MAsQi8fYlMsxkz3jGEA7yM3W6KOt6y8CO3Btq8ed3i2pGkfgskDSKWRlKX1xu4v3Vg/s1600/002+Bust+of+Napoleon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfj6MUlJZHlgRi8LXorDX4611cM9v-y9IH3DLwaR0cvpeEU05xt3tPsMcJBQdrjIZS2ogZiFbQ-MAsQi8fYlMsxkz3jGEA7yM3W6KOt6y8CO3Btq8ed3i2pGkfgskDSKWRlKX1xu4v3Vg/s640/002+Bust+of+Napoleon.JPG" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bust of Napoleon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Next we visited <b>Les Invalides Military Museum in Paris to see Napoleon's tomb</b>. Extensive work was carried out beneath the Dome, involving an immense excavation to create a space for the tomb. Napoleon was transferred from St Helena on 15 December 1840 but not in position until 2 April 1861.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-GDaBAiaJHQa2koteAIqzdJWq76PZ8HwlGwr2EgVMZE5XsLNQvS4KYDFN4ET3EImq7ry0vrmHRTJ9Hxp8wuHREa8W4X3T0r8n6uIS2-HnpqjPauD5rIpmJHIvhH6MO4EqQeArixzf8I/s1600/007+Cathedral+Saint+Louis+at+Les+Invalides.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-GDaBAiaJHQa2koteAIqzdJWq76PZ8HwlGwr2EgVMZE5XsLNQvS4KYDFN4ET3EImq7ry0vrmHRTJ9Hxp8wuHREa8W4X3T0r8n6uIS2-HnpqjPauD5rIpmJHIvhH6MO4EqQeArixzf8I/s640/007+Cathedral+Saint+Louis+at+Les+Invalides.jpg" width="465" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cathedral Saint Louis at Les Invalides</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK57ZHcLFVbp0yxq44GgcSRkzt4pM0dzo4ICCJZF9rG_XgsB2uZdlyf6sLtftw3hLRAfACErrZshdzzFLp3sq1FDKHae4hgJA-pr6_N4-PpzsN-66kVzeYBmJ1_ytV9UCtE4iGZpuNZJM/s1600/008+Dome+over+Napoleon%2527s+tomb+at+Les+Invalides.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK57ZHcLFVbp0yxq44GgcSRkzt4pM0dzo4ICCJZF9rG_XgsB2uZdlyf6sLtftw3hLRAfACErrZshdzzFLp3sq1FDKHae4hgJA-pr6_N4-PpzsN-66kVzeYBmJ1_ytV9UCtE4iGZpuNZJM/s400/008+Dome+over+Napoleon%2527s+tomb+at+Les+Invalides.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dome over Napoleon's tomb.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5RS-0Wl3H1P2ancQg0GilJYeGh4ZEO2DItU1mY8TV31tHhNsQ8pIpF9Rv13EhJ6T-JM4rrsezjTSB5Ih0xvJBZhUDj7_oMuCXly-2ABnCoU5yJypCcr877jQCIgZ2Oa7UBlwWAi76Os/s1600/019+Napoleon+transferred+to+Les+Invalides+15+Dec+1840+while+tomb+was+being+built.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd5RS-0Wl3H1P2ancQg0GilJYeGh4ZEO2DItU1mY8TV31tHhNsQ8pIpF9Rv13EhJ6T-JM4rrsezjTSB5Ih0xvJBZhUDj7_oMuCXly-2ABnCoU5yJypCcr877jQCIgZ2Oa7UBlwWAi76Os/s640/019+Napoleon+transferred+to+Les+Invalides+15+Dec+1840+while+tomb+was+being+built.JPG" width="425" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's tomb - 15 foot tall red quartzite sarcophagus, sculptured from blocks of red quartzite and placed on a green vosges granite base and surrounded by a laurel crown. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1HzrNbbZSxDvhlKaYw2aw0HYasp3R2AvdbnGkgySFovtQboESoG6tCAex_V55BxzhPUHlAsyX0UBeXoKamGwCvLgEdfHWZ4skhSh_4GRy40NNKxcPFQNNgvTjnQ4rgGqdkJ8rtcxf85Y/s1600/013+Napoleon%2527s+tomb+surrounded+by+a+laurel+crown+%2526+inscriptions+referring+to+the+Emperor%2527s+great+victories.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1HzrNbbZSxDvhlKaYw2aw0HYasp3R2AvdbnGkgySFovtQboESoG6tCAex_V55BxzhPUHlAsyX0UBeXoKamGwCvLgEdfHWZ4skhSh_4GRy40NNKxcPFQNNgvTjnQ4rgGqdkJ8rtcxf85Y/s640/013+Napoleon%2527s+tomb+surrounded+by+a+laurel+crown+%2526+inscriptions+referring+to+the+Emperor%2527s+great+victories.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's tomb surrounded by a laurel crown and inscriptions referring to the Empire's great victories. An amazing resting place for an Emperor that was exiled.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Off the main "Napoleon" centrepiece was a number of tombs of worthy leaders. Truely an impressive place to visit.<br />
<br />
<br />
You cannot go to Paris without a visit to Le Louvre, but we were interested in things of Napoleon.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkKBudHou-VZnwT_mN0xGExtJr35Csm0Q9c86_YB-i6Qjbth6HQ-O-yuxH1440XECKFXZmhYi1OjhI07SsDkAEryn92ip6dkr1gw8VEPvUg3T2YjW_trXbDLSz4dTy4AWWRPcKQHrPaE/s1600/009+Note+the+N+under+Darren.+Stairs+to+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkKBudHou-VZnwT_mN0xGExtJr35Csm0Q9c86_YB-i6Qjbth6HQ-O-yuxH1440XECKFXZmhYi1OjhI07SsDkAEryn92ip6dkr1gw8VEPvUg3T2YjW_trXbDLSz4dTy4AWWRPcKQHrPaE/s640/009+Note+the+N+under+Darren.+Stairs+to+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon Bonaparte renamed Le Louvre "Museum Napoleon" in 1804. Darren is leaning over the Napoleon "N" at the entrance to Napoleon 111's apartment at Le Louvre.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBWPQHvDJ56q2gxeMioyKPBmH8fql_zNvJFFnhtM_NQLOU__yyJgA3rujJAqx-LXWnLjNgJgKTPKZQAjoMcHTmwHwQlz2PmgxFDK4TVSW2uuqEFXfn73LTXtQuexcMHg7gHw_I68xX_4g/s1600/010+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBWPQHvDJ56q2gxeMioyKPBmH8fql_zNvJFFnhtM_NQLOU__yyJgA3rujJAqx-LXWnLjNgJgKTPKZQAjoMcHTmwHwQlz2PmgxFDK4TVSW2uuqEFXfn73LTXtQuexcMHg7gHw_I68xX_4g/s400/010+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's apartments.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHqLsj-yZ0luUrMmQxXH843p1-_Fvsey1BR0O9qQfZ6QppuHnIkJlVSwzxee1JuM5itAcVQooubQBnxa8qXdhvi63rDyYoE-ClUSGXwel_L0CEEMxJU68f_VcUBMtYzsSqg9a3GFdqZu4/s1600/011+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHqLsj-yZ0luUrMmQxXH843p1-_Fvsey1BR0O9qQfZ6QppuHnIkJlVSwzxee1JuM5itAcVQooubQBnxa8qXdhvi63rDyYoE-ClUSGXwel_L0CEEMxJU68f_VcUBMtYzsSqg9a3GFdqZu4/s400/011+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's apartments.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi02V1ENR_6L6fk25ZmE1ojnA1JAKBmPb99BaNFmalGCIEtVKbinx8npo8-afFUhoS8j58qPUzhtgt5WKryD_i-HK2AY2JISMJAYuCnnJwV5bxnqqcc4waEzgXoF546KFL_HtMTIjXPklE/s1600/012+Napoleon+111+drawing+room.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi02V1ENR_6L6fk25ZmE1ojnA1JAKBmPb99BaNFmalGCIEtVKbinx8npo8-afFUhoS8j58qPUzhtgt5WKryD_i-HK2AY2JISMJAYuCnnJwV5bxnqqcc4waEzgXoF546KFL_HtMTIjXPklE/s400/012+Napoleon+111+drawing+room.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's drawing room.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikRZEizTYHt8qkhekyfRU6uYzo58xXUyBpwos5Z_9TnFTFXk3LbsLoJ33ADQPxQw_XUt0pNT-Ijp__KJ_OlgYy9-D9DIj2kcCI1_UyaX13ryiZtQawwMdFxqfGjPIkTCeUOBB5t1h9Brc/s1600/013+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikRZEizTYHt8qkhekyfRU6uYzo58xXUyBpwos5Z_9TnFTFXk3LbsLoJ33ADQPxQw_XUt0pNT-Ijp__KJ_OlgYy9-D9DIj2kcCI1_UyaX13ryiZtQawwMdFxqfGjPIkTCeUOBB5t1h9Brc/s400/013+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's Drawing room.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTYY-cTTn2qu6ON8YC3SgdI3-gTOXvg7oSzID26IVpMeGbHI6Cjm71nkTGJ571TPtYskXKkflCdv6csGGK3nc2wxKIfII36b__jZmIIh4_VKU7pMXPYGrJHc9dWtwgWWjYO0jjMXLt2qU/s1600/016+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTYY-cTTn2qu6ON8YC3SgdI3-gTOXvg7oSzID26IVpMeGbHI6Cjm71nkTGJ571TPtYskXKkflCdv6csGGK3nc2wxKIfII36b__jZmIIh4_VKU7pMXPYGrJHc9dWtwgWWjYO0jjMXLt2qU/s400/016+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's apartment.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcvxHCKncfRECvBkTv9egMNFXJEuxKX4npuuMyfQ6-NBeNXgCXTD9QdllGxEbzXOEkDk1XuI-VN8pJDAhKuMQ9O-K5lp68H2Lv2Y3B0LOFRvOx3UHf3JoitN6YTJZauXY0Hq0v6nEDNMM/s1600/017+Napoleon+111+Dining+room.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcvxHCKncfRECvBkTv9egMNFXJEuxKX4npuuMyfQ6-NBeNXgCXTD9QdllGxEbzXOEkDk1XuI-VN8pJDAhKuMQ9O-K5lp68H2Lv2Y3B0LOFRvOx3UHf3JoitN6YTJZauXY0Hq0v6nEDNMM/s400/017+Napoleon+111+Dining+room.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's Dining room.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh31DG3Sryo2wBXLi5Hs2bFswKaKixFnre6kEhYa-i6Q1rf6kF0b_8vj-8klLvTWiKbaRhxR2yC38I2xjWC0NcPPlghUGOt9A4kkzRK_5hKc3mGj0M60oWJ6JTUrxGGB-1VhaH5xP_fBlI/s1600/018+Napoleon+111+bedchamber.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh31DG3Sryo2wBXLi5Hs2bFswKaKixFnre6kEhYa-i6Q1rf6kF0b_8vj-8klLvTWiKbaRhxR2yC38I2xjWC0NcPPlghUGOt9A4kkzRK_5hKc3mGj0M60oWJ6JTUrxGGB-1VhaH5xP_fBlI/s400/018+Napoleon+111+bedchamber.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon's bed chamber.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx4DOwWOHdiQ5Q_PBSj2eDfly1uPBxl6vqdPc739ZJOJ1mC60eRSUp919i7yqwZD93jympqnuEkvC5I-TkQSmq2vNjLYvSsn1jPCnf2Opw301TFzkd-0_CN1R9-DwB863jHXwUAHZZ3Es/s1600/019+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx4DOwWOHdiQ5Q_PBSj2eDfly1uPBxl6vqdPc739ZJOJ1mC60eRSUp919i7yqwZD93jympqnuEkvC5I-TkQSmq2vNjLYvSsn1jPCnf2Opw301TFzkd-0_CN1R9-DwB863jHXwUAHZZ3Es/s400/019+Napoleon+111+apartments.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon 111's apartments.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWAQkUx1eb1qwXD7gQ_AQ7Ok0k_QEaafDygkP2aiWWBFLg_WBpCOtioV11Eu3AHmzmP5sjmsTeevhtEPNrDlYk8uUi-FHUmKzb2fkVRfE_rTqO4Ubm7h_HAN-OF1ayoUznXbSe3tZHVNQ/s1600/022+Napoleon+Bonaparte%2527s+throne.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWAQkUx1eb1qwXD7gQ_AQ7Ok0k_QEaafDygkP2aiWWBFLg_WBpCOtioV11Eu3AHmzmP5sjmsTeevhtEPNrDlYk8uUi-FHUmKzb2fkVRfE_rTqO4Ubm7h_HAN-OF1ayoUznXbSe3tZHVNQ/s400/022+Napoleon+Bonaparte%2527s+throne.JPG" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon Bonaparte's Throne</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Of course while we were at Le Louvre we had to see Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, painted 1503-06. It is only 30" x 21" and hanging at the far end of a big room with crowds trying to get a glimpse or take a photo.<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmc4gjwy34DPqk7_fpmIg0LP289RdgSCSMkKh6xOBZL_T2bTksoHVpsB_xJKAN0O0f3qoSFq8ZP-I_GYxVv-WPDfKVMqXikImkHAXOd_HGY5zsVp8NkUT-lhufc4lcU-1qaIl2pkYp2wk/s1600/033+Mona+Lisa+by+Leonardo+da+Vinci.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmc4gjwy34DPqk7_fpmIg0LP289RdgSCSMkKh6xOBZL_T2bTksoHVpsB_xJKAN0O0f3qoSFq8ZP-I_GYxVv-WPDfKVMqXikImkHAXOd_HGY5zsVp8NkUT-lhufc4lcU-1qaIl2pkYp2wk/s640/033+Mona+Lisa+by+Leonardo+da+Vinci.JPG" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci at Le Louvre. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Other paintings.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibXdFtr1q4MudC3tTr0cktdX6O77pOrtNOqCLZE_nwdHyHOJtm-S2j-3q-pFtPkUmfOLWV0gf2ZqgqAHWx38j6Saa0VSfZl5hyphenhyphenX3z-lkfUy1pNqoJEhffuVIMzcc7mzjtQGIhyphenhyphenmWAx9BI/s640/032+Le+Louvre.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This painting took up the whole wall at the opposite end of the room to Mona Lisa. Quite a contrast.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1EL0mAbdNN6I0NVxMMihLoq4J9zduXxHsTK3uNL1nVnqItg34mo_aX-qJx35g9F8MTN6OM0MYcyBsT4qoqYPgOwL7_ZIxHIDoPlTrD-pymsqpOx1EgfmC5foLj6tr46uaZcyMa5L9Ztw/s1600/031+John+the+Baptist.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1EL0mAbdNN6I0NVxMMihLoq4J9zduXxHsTK3uNL1nVnqItg34mo_aX-qJx35g9F8MTN6OM0MYcyBsT4qoqYPgOwL7_ZIxHIDoPlTrD-pymsqpOx1EgfmC5foLj6tr46uaZcyMa5L9Ztw/s400/031+John+the+Baptist.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painting of the beheaded head of John the Baptist.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkfXO5GwFn1zD4u3YyqcwC8EWrbODxae7RLvhF_SdZKURpBGCgDohVly_j3Jg1mpJg8QIyi4JLa6Np8NPOzw_KHST14Pgn0Fgy6ZTPxznPJkxe8NBUr8fRE11WGTZK35goZCFxmSI8yY/s1600/025+Le+Louvre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkfXO5GwFn1zD4u3YyqcwC8EWrbODxae7RLvhF_SdZKURpBGCgDohVly_j3Jg1mpJg8QIyi4JLa6Np8NPOzw_KHST14Pgn0Fgy6ZTPxznPJkxe8NBUr8fRE11WGTZK35goZCFxmSI8yY/s400/025+Le+Louvre.JPG" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Darren's choice for a photo!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_0LSxxJpkbtBLPPW8D7aKUIY21YRG_A6n-hORkXJkSpkUfe41TU3ne5qse-syDviemW5F1G2Vz1iYfk1gPkrgGJvR_vbqMn-J1KUH6vfzdfrozOMgSPDmNQ-Sq5i_xr-6wY8vX0xV94w/s1600/026+Le+Louvre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_0LSxxJpkbtBLPPW8D7aKUIY21YRG_A6n-hORkXJkSpkUfe41TU3ne5qse-syDviemW5F1G2Vz1iYfk1gPkrgGJvR_vbqMn-J1KUH6vfzdfrozOMgSPDmNQ-Sq5i_xr-6wY8vX0xV94w/s400/026+Le+Louvre.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy's choice for a photo!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBI5GevYJx0DqiyaZLQp4j5v7SRkBBDGPERTke91CHAEMBfC14b_nxhRNYWuf6rJYrv1WwbVyG7LoiWn7jlyQMUc0BFmH-MAowzhsPuiBZqJA_hUhsyTdONPqWRROu1qLsimTKiPbFTyU/s1600/007+Le+Louvre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBI5GevYJx0DqiyaZLQp4j5v7SRkBBDGPERTke91CHAEMBfC14b_nxhRNYWuf6rJYrv1WwbVyG7LoiWn7jlyQMUc0BFmH-MAowzhsPuiBZqJA_hUhsyTdONPqWRROu1qLsimTKiPbFTyU/s400/007+Le+Louvre.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At Le Louvre.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Chateau de Versailles</b> is 20km southwest of Paris. Built by Louis X111 in 1623 but has had many extensions. It was the "showcase" of France. No particular connection to Napoleon, but he would have frequented here.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI1fogl7fR4yHNMMJ-MFGnpteib7BLPRKc2ECA7rz8C2_13cTdj61__97AjIgQvsTuIy9loSN0WeeJovy85kqRLuC_dFkNQdHaCXSNxGE5nffb1BmWgP7_2drHld6_08kHISACK0aX3v4/s1600/074+Chateau+de+Versailles.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI1fogl7fR4yHNMMJ-MFGnpteib7BLPRKc2ECA7rz8C2_13cTdj61__97AjIgQvsTuIy9loSN0WeeJovy85kqRLuC_dFkNQdHaCXSNxGE5nffb1BmWgP7_2drHld6_08kHISACK0aX3v4/s400/074+Chateau+de+Versailles.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chateau de Versailles but closed to the public on Mondays.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDL41wRXL0Fsy8KKEpSj2AITd0WFhsGAqhuARH5P3uRCyGyHMf8vOCfQXN6xshA3aDuO_DFRlWDrlwWgw8tGGkNal7QGz5nHN4GciYuKLQPHW9yzPjhhKkTS2T2zB1bRpMWKNamKcNCwM/s1600/073+Chateau+de+Versailles.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDL41wRXL0Fsy8KKEpSj2AITd0WFhsGAqhuARH5P3uRCyGyHMf8vOCfQXN6xshA3aDuO_DFRlWDrlwWgw8tGGkNal7QGz5nHN4GciYuKLQPHW9yzPjhhKkTS2T2zB1bRpMWKNamKcNCwM/s400/073+Chateau+de+Versailles.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Even though it was closed we could still take in the atmosphere and enjoyed the gardens at the back.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1kmu1NGCsIyfP0DKYkDdrT_P4P5-1Ba1nXRwATBtNEpmpkmKgkWyTWO83k58cnbN2kkNMbMNfiEFfpZUQReevWbMbpHCFSd6pDNLuwqxvr4dJKUNVSrdBny8fOPzXA4UlN4t11tudzuw/s1600/079+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Versailles.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1kmu1NGCsIyfP0DKYkDdrT_P4P5-1Ba1nXRwATBtNEpmpkmKgkWyTWO83k58cnbN2kkNMbMNfiEFfpZUQReevWbMbpHCFSd6pDNLuwqxvr4dJKUNVSrdBny8fOPzXA4UlN4t11tudzuw/s640/079+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Versailles.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy & Darren at Chateau de Versailles.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
There was still more to see in Paris.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioaKgzzMQk2cWZ1HxhyphenhyphencttbK6aUnVKODs8rPyPq3-v7HsJbE0kRNBTupImnIiVkm0Ap4LkqPW7tAg040nLo3hz8AXTkuDoAy9LKoAM3Y1KM2nzbWJtRSdUXWz8XJ1Wot29ucNAb8SmKG0/s1600/035+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Eiffel+Tower.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioaKgzzMQk2cWZ1HxhyphenhyphencttbK6aUnVKODs8rPyPq3-v7HsJbE0kRNBTupImnIiVkm0Ap4LkqPW7tAg040nLo3hz8AXTkuDoAy9LKoAM3Y1KM2nzbWJtRSdUXWz8XJ1Wot29ucNAb8SmKG0/s400/035+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Eiffel+Tower.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A visit to Eiffel Tower.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQkPfIULwVSHk1ntkCYjYZSHJYf9gKk6qJeiLepfbo15lGoshrctSi52-_7sCjIYBhY5IWQHqI8iX2y3dInwB6ImL1NbYiD1h8WiFhHINZNW5EtgR23E1DfgYTowIK8Y7FUT5WjSCJUU/s1600/032+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Eiffel+Tower.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQkPfIULwVSHk1ntkCYjYZSHJYf9gKk6qJeiLepfbo15lGoshrctSi52-_7sCjIYBhY5IWQHqI8iX2y3dInwB6ImL1NbYiD1h8WiFhHINZNW5EtgR23E1DfgYTowIK8Y7FUT5WjSCJUU/s400/032+Darren+%2526+Joy+at+Eiffel+Tower.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We are actually in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9PVPRqqtIvVMA4AXWq_Z2k3ed4koWELYm9nNAG4CvKFXb1JiKx5pc1FwvDkbfKAjhRsWe2nXfZFFBPRnaRZdXpHFzOHEfBCbTRG2rLnJoiFWDdMTtI7eBjkTszcFtIruZ0Z8ecTK-zE/s1600/043+Cafe+Palais+Royal+before+visiting+Le+Louvre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9PVPRqqtIvVMA4AXWq_Z2k3ed4koWELYm9nNAG4CvKFXb1JiKx5pc1FwvDkbfKAjhRsWe2nXfZFFBPRnaRZdXpHFzOHEfBCbTRG2rLnJoiFWDdMTtI7eBjkTszcFtIruZ0Z8ecTK-zE/s400/043+Cafe+Palais+Royal+before+visiting+Le+Louvre.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We did a lot of walking in Paris but stopped for coffee, crepes, juice and eats as necessary. An ideal way of taking in the French atmosphere.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCBHFEs-xzHnnVA4K2bfqVFVTLhiBRH1Sb82GMTbFMSoFIal79ikUjHIKr0GeTORN3jqIEQugxmJbODexTBV1g5aba0VcG_op6YyZjNMtKyBWkmOxuPp32u3cslcPF5lIVeICX9VX-O0E/s400/051+Notre+Dame+where+Napoleon+crowned+2+Dec+1804.JPG" width="266" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notre Dame where Napoleon was crowned on 2 December 1804.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs28P1hhbzTNFXVvI6nr2OC4W8qkpJHtuADNUByOsPQDGw7vYG9ObNi3VPby2Q87wm8L5eHINEvhiMzXyk5zp_CaEtCd19nJ0arjYZnFfTwf4ARbczk-aY6r9KnymgunxJRSZKCJC6VJg/s1600/018+Campse+elysees%252C+most+famous+avenue+in+world+almost+2+kms+long+from+Arc+to+Concorde+Monuement.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs28P1hhbzTNFXVvI6nr2OC4W8qkpJHtuADNUByOsPQDGw7vYG9ObNi3VPby2Q87wm8L5eHINEvhiMzXyk5zp_CaEtCd19nJ0arjYZnFfTwf4ARbczk-aY6r9KnymgunxJRSZKCJC6VJg/s400/018+Campse+elysees%252C+most+famous+avenue+in+world+almost+2+kms+long+from+Arc+to+Concorde+Monuement.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Campse Elysees, the most famous avenue in Paris. From Arc de Triumph to Concord near Le Louvre.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3gXMJW3uc9E0vZkXou-2IFRk_6GgoczUSYsif8d-7xN7Rf5GqlP5bX_PnKDs5WqSxSgJ-xbpLa1nbngwhJIGSTbr14L9KyKykqaKWwSU1ldudKL0ALR5pTNh38BfBAqDhJl3PlP4NqI/s1600/037+Flame+above+tunnel+where+Princess+died.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg3gXMJW3uc9E0vZkXou-2IFRk_6GgoczUSYsif8d-7xN7Rf5GqlP5bX_PnKDs5WqSxSgJ-xbpLa1nbngwhJIGSTbr14L9KyKykqaKWwSU1ldudKL0ALR5pTNh38BfBAqDhJl3PlP4NqI/s400/037+Flame+above+tunnel+where+Princess+died.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An exact replica of the Statue of Liberty's flame in New York, "Liberty Flame" above the tunnel entrance where Princess Diana died in August 1997. An unofficial memorial for Diana - quite disappointing.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhamxarZ0AdLUS7HEh67VAZGUUtoyDdAnmMfxwKqC6c_1eJ4nYE03GB2mRcaYpUj37xLnPRCLmogMXivbO2PnlLaZiRyovQJCscQIakVjjPDECcmmywJ2KienzNAtSCduEBpgXW_KFI9yo/s1600/070+Darren+overlooking+River+Seine.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="417" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhamxarZ0AdLUS7HEh67VAZGUUtoyDdAnmMfxwKqC6c_1eJ4nYE03GB2mRcaYpUj37xLnPRCLmogMXivbO2PnlLaZiRyovQJCscQIakVjjPDECcmmywJ2KienzNAtSCduEBpgXW_KFI9yo/s640/070+Darren+overlooking+River+Seine.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Darren overlooking River Seine in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0H1Se1P2UeLHorbuljvCbTYMHVJJWLOsLGNarBIdMvsla406Rt5xuQJNOX5X6ODp7S62RT8HoqEutNLtJMM-HvGFfyQsmiZpp7Uf5horED5iAxTORBGi8eEwJ8IlfbvH53H5Wl4vu6g/s1600/045+River+Seine.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0H1Se1P2UeLHorbuljvCbTYMHVJJWLOsLGNarBIdMvsla406Rt5xuQJNOX5X6ODp7S62RT8HoqEutNLtJMM-HvGFfyQsmiZpp7Uf5horED5iAxTORBGi8eEwJ8IlfbvH53H5Wl4vu6g/s400/045+River+Seine.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Walking alongside the River Seine in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbAs8q7c5fGkTSteHHD5oXOvziwXxruE_TauAwVZqYubmHbxAXpVjlTYbJ7wOBjdqy2B-HEImR7Uc2gV_HaPJpKSe5K6DhipF1LkIEP3MFGTHg80h-YV75p4zr-1XpRFpHvSJP7vTyKMc/s1600/047+River+Seine.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbAs8q7c5fGkTSteHHD5oXOvziwXxruE_TauAwVZqYubmHbxAXpVjlTYbJ7wOBjdqy2B-HEImR7Uc2gV_HaPJpKSe5K6DhipF1LkIEP3MFGTHg80h-YV75p4zr-1XpRFpHvSJP7vTyKMc/s400/047+River+Seine.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A walk alongside the River Seine in Paris.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
And of course a visit to Paris would not be complete without a climb up the steps to Sacre-Coer (Roman Catholic) on about the only bit of high ground in Paris. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WkBkYMe5dkRb7W1TY86wNnCUAso2y1dfOYeuSnzXWztCKNRuU34J_2yoIuQvulAmGsC5i51-aqozV3GbgJ9qeBzcsRR75T7hvHQ02ynztxspReV2vUONoFMNnr0Dqmtyg8PqLVgJLss/s1600/003+Sacre-Coeur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WkBkYMe5dkRb7W1TY86wNnCUAso2y1dfOYeuSnzXWztCKNRuU34J_2yoIuQvulAmGsC5i51-aqozV3GbgJ9qeBzcsRR75T7hvHQ02ynztxspReV2vUONoFMNnr0Dqmtyg8PqLVgJLss/s640/003+Sacre-Coeur.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sacre-Coeur, constructed 1875-1914.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8KomeBJ5vhvxqtnO4m1U96evBOlIKZTGEpc5dKjfKctHQAytfrCqO3MOQouqvDtyOhL2242j1qzGXdRoEYRmspzoCvxAzzbyREiMBXnCSfPj2d9gDCAJIPJELv7LSlGBtswsccYPPgfA/s1600/007+Interior+of+Sacre-Coeur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8KomeBJ5vhvxqtnO4m1U96evBOlIKZTGEpc5dKjfKctHQAytfrCqO3MOQouqvDtyOhL2242j1qzGXdRoEYRmspzoCvxAzzbyREiMBXnCSfPj2d9gDCAJIPJELv7LSlGBtswsccYPPgfA/s640/007+Interior+of+Sacre-Coeur.jpg" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Interior of Sacre-Coeur. Beautiful painting adorn the walls and dome with lots of gold.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO9gs0gAK80RPGC2cagFsPgLQNUn_-diXmaFZrtgNaJ95D1gHdWMt0aCPKlAG7GmCttlUlj_SKfCnu0Oh4JT0unqlq2uNkLkxsiWxKeYuLBQAb1Jyh79aG5k-65DgTATOhcz7tdCmViDg/s1600/025+Montmarte.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO9gs0gAK80RPGC2cagFsPgLQNUn_-diXmaFZrtgNaJ95D1gHdWMt0aCPKlAG7GmCttlUlj_SKfCnu0Oh4JT0unqlq2uNkLkxsiWxKeYuLBQAb1Jyh79aG5k-65DgTATOhcz7tdCmViDg/s640/025+Montmarte.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Montmarte is famous for its artists and the selling of their paintings. Just along side is Sacre-Coeur. We ate crepes while enjoying the atmosphere.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
After 4 days, it was time to return to London.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1g5oACmw7mawZq4m1BPFOeNw0tFp4SrhdjrwNB7pB9RJ7dNkYiaNx3GkQQ5FgeoqqJXFl_RH_yjQItXZaKr0PTWzuiAlt-Z-REufWzC5-AnluWGkv_qhlbi3Pl8l5cglVmcSTWR0OD1w/s1600/086+Gare+du+Nord+main+railway+station+in+Paris.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1g5oACmw7mawZq4m1BPFOeNw0tFp4SrhdjrwNB7pB9RJ7dNkYiaNx3GkQQ5FgeoqqJXFl_RH_yjQItXZaKr0PTWzuiAlt-Z-REufWzC5-AnluWGkv_qhlbi3Pl8l5cglVmcSTWR0OD1w/s400/086+Gare+du+Nord+main+railway+station+in+Paris.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gare du Nord, the main railway station in Paris where we caught our train straight back to King's Cross St Pancreas station in central London.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhpaXGBXbXWnhUv1EdWaQLp2G9DX7uYKOPhzingsOLegtprhaLB6UK_lp9i-NvwMbFXLDGl5Dc6J6AgwZBa0NGdsh_XVN1HLDM9Jg7j_fd4LeJu_HQTcX0brpYduSG3Kqm22IeQcTZCBA/s1600/088+Darren+Paris+to+London.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhpaXGBXbXWnhUv1EdWaQLp2G9DX7uYKOPhzingsOLegtprhaLB6UK_lp9i-NvwMbFXLDGl5Dc6J6AgwZBa0NGdsh_XVN1HLDM9Jg7j_fd4LeJu_HQTcX0brpYduSG3Kqm22IeQcTZCBA/s400/088+Darren+Paris+to+London.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Darren relaxing on the Eurostar.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5L3pb0vlMesa78EExgABf0uzms8QM-0bqzXaGEDc69Z_nbKCKMGr63ScGydPWMb0wW1xOa9zNoJ3W80D-G8bI6i3fJ4WwT8FpSfhokqSolU38y01mmJwU0r3vlO93DnSEYK2b4rBhXkE/s1600/001+Eurostar+London+to+Paris+via+Euro+Tunnel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5L3pb0vlMesa78EExgABf0uzms8QM-0bqzXaGEDc69Z_nbKCKMGr63ScGydPWMb0wW1xOa9zNoJ3W80D-G8bI6i3fJ4WwT8FpSfhokqSolU38y01mmJwU0r3vlO93DnSEYK2b4rBhXkE/s400/001+Eurostar+London+to+Paris+via+Euro+Tunnel.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Exiting the Euro Tunnel on our way back to London.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
My connection with Napoleon and the Mott family</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">I find it quite incredible that the <b>Mott family</b> were involved with Napoleon's surrender at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the <b>Moss family</b> were living on the Island of St Helena when Napoleon was exiled there in 1815.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
I suggest you go to my <b>Brighouse/Mott Family Archives Blog</b> and click on <b>http:brighousemottfamilyarchives.blogspot.com.au</b> for more details. You will read in the John & Ann (Tyrell) Mott Post about their son, Andrew Mott, First Lieutenant of HMS Bellerophon who personally took the surrender of Napoleon in 1815. Napoleon gave Andrew Mott his two pistols and they remained in the family for many years. </div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQKGHI8YE-cftc_LUolFaqbLMCUL9IBmYNurSt3GRsxbTrt2qwiM6fL0f1x9PEUdGg449U1T-Y7xAP-1PCpjRVeSoj2FiJIRNqfL5ueIxyWBk6sqjWAG2EGmo4IFL4hAL548kj02x-1Y/s400/Lieutenant+Andrew+Mott+who+took+Napoleon+off+L%2527Epervierof+Andrew+Luther+Mott+1828-1904+%25283%2529.jpg" width="286" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Napoleon gave First Lieutenant Andrew Mott his 2 pistols.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
A descendant of First Lieutenant Andrew Mott, Andrew Luther Mott (1828-1904) lent the 2 pistols to a Naval Exhibition in Chelsea, England in 1891.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9KtPDYb0nNj0STf-L7qyHam_ex6s7wMamcPLt-H9zuZZOChs34HYPEITk24ymY4cuVYLdqQT85FhaDTtKT1AytYD8zLDbOAxfZKFATc_KqliOe190qXHz8Ub06QMORyHbswO5tgPF4zE/s1600/Exhibit+in+Chelsea+Royal+Naval+Exhibition+1891.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="40" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9KtPDYb0nNj0STf-L7qyHam_ex6s7wMamcPLt-H9zuZZOChs34HYPEITk24ymY4cuVYLdqQT85FhaDTtKT1AytYD8zLDbOAxfZKFATc_KqliOe190qXHz8Ub06QMORyHbswO5tgPF4zE/s320/Exhibit+in+Chelsea+Royal+Naval+Exhibition+1891.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-mFFap645VTONsLITPb1D98O4ZfEjgOhqivbuusV2pl6gD2DOtPAKl3XNLnDHq5J3ILciKYlDW0u7_svjhQflunLOTG0suB9bRo1Q6weScBIrSSNeadPgbzAuTXjM7isoQdhKixypghE/s1600/Napoleon%2527s+Pistols+at+West+Point+Museum+New+York+made+by+Boutet.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-mFFap645VTONsLITPb1D98O4ZfEjgOhqivbuusV2pl6gD2DOtPAKl3XNLnDHq5J3ILciKYlDW0u7_svjhQflunLOTG0suB9bRo1Q6weScBIrSSNeadPgbzAuTXjM7isoQdhKixypghE/s400/Napoleon%2527s+Pistols+at+West+Point+Museum+New+York+made+by+Boutet.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An example of Napoleon's pistols </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
A century later, an Australian descendant, John Wesley Mott (1891-1979) inherited Napoleon's 2 pistols because of his distinguished military records. As a result of his WW1 involvement, John W.Mott was awarded a Distinguished Conduct Medal and the Military Cross. The article below gives an account of Napoleon's surrender of his 2 pistols to First Lieutenant Andrew Mott and their "home" in Brisbane.<br />
<br />
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-AU</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">This article was in
"The Brisbane Courier" on Saturday 27 August 1927</b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Napoleon's Pistols in
Brisbane</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By Spencer Browne.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Napoleon's Abdication and Flight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
After Waterloo, after the furious
days "when Wellington smashed Bonaparte," Napoleon returned to Paris,
hoping to reorganise his shattered forces, to form a new army and fight on. He
found, however, a war weary Paris, and a hostile Chamber of Deputies, and sent
a delegation, in response to an imperious call, to represent the causes of the
loss of the battle of Waterloo, and his proposals for public safety, and for
treating with the combined Powers for peace. The Ministers, with Prince Lucien
at their head, suggested a committee of five members from each Chamber to
discuss the proposals of the Emperor, but they found the Deputies arrogantly
hostile, and obviously bent upon an abdication. M. Henry Lacoste said:
"The veil is torn aside - our misfortunes are known. You talk to us of
peace; but what new basis will you give to your negotiations.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
You know as well as we that
Europe has declared war against Napoleon alone. Will you hence forth separate
the nation from Napoleon? For my part, I declare I see but one man between us
and peace. Let him speak and the country will be saved." The Deputies
granted the Emperor an hour's grace to declare himself. The Emperor's friends,
including Prince Lucien and Prince Joseph, urged that the time for other action
had passed, and urged submission, and Napoleon, with an ironical smile, said to
the Duke of Orleans: "Write to those gentlemen to make themselves easy;
they shall soon be satisfied." and one of the historians tells us:
"He then wrote his abdication." But Napoleon insisted that he had
only abdicated in favour of his son. The return of Grouchy to France with his
army intact, and the rally of the wrecks from the forces of Waterloo, saw the
formation of a force of some 50,000 or 60,000 men, and they showed that they
still could sting, the Prussians being badly cut up on one occasion; but the
French vainly sought an armistice. Blucher would have no armistice, and the
so-called treachery of Fouche, of the Prince of Echmuhl, and others, and the
practical investment of Paris by the Allies, broke the French spirit or bent it
to the Allied will. From the headquarters of the Allies at Hagenau was issued a
peremptory note, aimed at the surrender of Napoleon and the ex-Emperor saw that
it was time to "up sticks and off."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Napoleon left France.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It may be said that had it not
been for treacheries the French soldiers would have put up a desperate fight
for their country as they regarded the situation and for their beloved
Napoleon. Much blood shedding on both sides was saved by the firmness of the
Allies. The note from their headquarters referred to above ran thus: "The
three Powers consider it as an essential condition of peace and real
tranquillity that Napoleon Bonaparte shall be incapable of disturbing the peace
of Europe in future; and in consequence of the events which occurred in March
last (1813), the Powers must insist on Napoleon Bonaparte being placed in their
custody. Napoleon, who had left the Imperial Palace as a matter of discretion,
and was practically under the guardianship of General Beker, at Malmaison, had
moved on to Rochefort, and on the day after the Prussians surrounded the palace
where the Government held its sittings (July 8), Louis XVIII returned in
triumph and took possession of his capital and throne." </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Napoleon went on board the
frigate La Saale, with his suite on the Medusa, and anchored at the Isle of Aix.
On July 10, an English fleet of eleven vessels was seen cruising within sight
of the port, and on July 11 Napoleon sent to inquire of the British Admiral
whether he was authorised to allow him liberty to go to England or the United
States, and the answer from the Admiral was that he was ready to receive
Napoleon and convey him to England. Dissatisfied with such a reply, history
tells us, Napoleon had some idea of going on board an American vessel at the
mouth of the Gironde, "whose captain would be most happy and proud to have
received him." and also, "He also refused the proffered assistance of
some young midshipmen full of courage and devotion, who, with two barks, swore
they would forfeit their lives if they did not convey him to New York."
Napoleon evidently was reluctant to be taken to the bosom of the American
Republic, and decided for England. He sent a message to the British Admiral
that on the following day he would go on board his vessel, and on July 15 he
went off in the brig L'Epervier, and was received on board the H.M.S.
Bellerophon with the honours due to his military rank."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Surrender to Captain Maitland.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It is clear from the account of
Captain Maitland, of the Bellerophon that the honours were not paid to Napoleon
when he first boarded that ship. Maitland, in his despatch on the surrender,
said: "At break of day on July 15, 1815, L'Epervier French brig-of-war,
was discovered under sail standing out towards the ship with a flag of truce
up; and at the same time the Superb, bearing Sir Henry Hotham's flag, was seen
in the offing. By half-past five the ebb tide failed, the wind was blowing
right in, and the brig, which was within a mile of us, made no further
progress, while the Superb was advancing with the wind and tide in her favour.
Thus situated, and being most anxious to terminate the affair I had brought so
near to a conclusion previous to the Admiral's arrival, I sent off Mr. Mott,
the first lieutenant, in a barge, who returned soon after 6 o'clock, bringing
Napoleon with him."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That brief
historical sketch probably will revive the memories of folk who have not
recently studied the Napoleonic career, and it is a prelude to a very
interesting circumstance which has a close Queensland association.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Napoleon's Pair of Pistols.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
A few days ago I went with Mr. W.
T. Mott, of Laura-street, South Brisbane, to the safe deposit vaults of the
Queensland Trustees. Ltd., and there he showed me, and allowed me the great
pleasure of handling and making a close inspection of a pair of pistols, most carefully
preserved. They are old flintlocks of a heavy calibre, and on the base of the
stock each is the letter "N", with a crown and laurel wreath. These
were presented by Napoleon at the time of his surrender in 1815 to the late
Commander Andrew Mott, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, and they were "shown at the
Naval Exhibition at Chelsea in 1891." by A. L. Mott, Esquire, R.X.E.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A certificate which endorses their bona
fides, if that were necessary, seeing that they have not been out of the
possession of the Mott family since they were presented to Commander Mott of
the Bellerophon in 1815 is signed by Albert Edward J?, (the late King Edward,
then Prince of Wales), and by Admiral W. M'Dowell. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In the early days of the recent
Great War. a young authorised surveyor, J. W. Mott, who was then on the Daly
River, Northern Territory, came to Brisbane and enlisted in the 7th Field
Engineers. Prior to gaining a commission overseas, he was awarded the
Distinguished Conduct Medal, and then as a lieutenant he won the Military Cross.
On going over to England on leave from France, the young soldier's relatives
considered that he was well entitled to be the family holder of the pistols
given by the great Napoleon to their relative, Commander Andrew Mott, who took
the ex-Emperor from L'Epervier, and conveyed him to his formal surrender on the
Bellerophon.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It was the father of Lieutenant
J. W. Mott. M.C.. D.C.M., who showed me the pistols in Brisbane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. W. T. Mott is well known in Brisbane,
having been for many years in the Public Service, and is the son of the late J.
W. Mott, formerly a contractor in a big way, who came to Brisbane in 1893. It
is doubtful if there is a more interesting, souvenir of war in the Commonwealth
than this brace of pistols, which we may assume were carried in the holsters of
the great military genius. Napoleon and the bent "grips" of which
were so often in his hands. Their owner, Mr. J. W. Mott, is an authorised
surveyor, practising at Bundaberg. It was an agreement with his father, Mr. W.
T. Mott, that I should not "bring the young follow into the
limelight." I have had to mention him in connection with the Napoleon
souvenir, as a historical necessity, and he must patiently bear the publicity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9q3KXhrghXaT0fGA5-LyRf6P2CM6S9ZmBieCVF9CsjL0x9lk10bBUT9C5tUr5E4FZthVwpC5EVtwiZtO4XzNTtk6AqrRJRdkzvmLC-QVYOkyHohdhEqYfm0HvUrbGDwYTZtURE99LDGU/s1600/John+Wesley+Mott+1891+-+1979.+Had+Napoleon%2527s+pistols.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9q3KXhrghXaT0fGA5-LyRf6P2CM6S9ZmBieCVF9CsjL0x9lk10bBUT9C5tUr5E4FZthVwpC5EVtwiZtO4XzNTtk6AqrRJRdkzvmLC-QVYOkyHohdhEqYfm0HvUrbGDwYTZtURE99LDGU/s400/John+Wesley+Mott+1891+-+1979.+Had+Napoleon%2527s+pistols.jpg" width="286" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Wesley Mott 1891-1979 M.C. D.C.M.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It could be that <b>Andrew Luther Mott</b> (1828-1904), a great nephew of <b>Lieutenant Andrew Mott,</b> inherited the pistols because he had the name of Andrew Mott. He certainly had an interest in the pistols as he "lent them to the Naval Exhibition in 1891".</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The father of John W.Mott was <b>Samuel Mott</b> (1790-1873) & Andrew L.
Mott's father was Edward Mott (1797-1878). Samuel & Edward were
brothers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Samuel's son<b> John Wesley Mott</b> (1832-1904) married Diana Sarah Jeves (1829-1912) in 1852.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
John's son <b>William Thomas Mott</b> (1862-1943) married Caroline Madeline Banks in 1890. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
William's son<b> John Wesley Mott (</b>1891-1979) married Dorothy Beatrice Harvey (1894-?) in 1923 and they had a son <b>John Wesley Mott</b> (1926-2006).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Samuel Mott</b> was a Shipwright and built a cottage known as "Mott's Cottage" in Port Fairy, Victoria, Australia in 1850s. Today it it owned by the National Trust and a Tourist Attraction for visitors to Port Fairy. His son John W.Mott settled in Brisbane where the next generations of Motts have lived.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdv_rhPLbNI9psIYmE1rvbOuPKMRF0fflHcyf0Qq9v4x6LPDOcmi_u7iVojG4QBBBz9SIFPYMOAj_U7LMXMYU_Iz8hWy7zdqzXnloRdB0ogyFIv273kbBEPALQBarJFv1gNm3bFkw7mI4/s1600/Samuel+Mott+1790-1873+Whaler+in+Port+Fairy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdv_rhPLbNI9psIYmE1rvbOuPKMRF0fflHcyf0Qq9v4x6LPDOcmi_u7iVojG4QBBBz9SIFPYMOAj_U7LMXMYU_Iz8hWy7zdqzXnloRdB0ogyFIv273kbBEPALQBarJFv1gNm3bFkw7mI4/s320/Samuel+Mott+1790-1873+Whaler+in+Port+Fairy.jpg" width="177" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Samuel Mott 1790 - 1873 A Whaler & Shipwright</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhPnNxY-sK1Tl3Bn44UEcFRGyy0qnMPs8parXhlCZU1zBiojtGCONw-OMtSGx2gp5CF1tdFg2LfrNn7KYWK49k-7E0n8QZE1LteY_aVSgYlpgRnKSx7yHMJDDjhyBLrE8hLxLXWxy6-ig/s1600/Motts+Cottage+Port+Fairy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhPnNxY-sK1Tl3Bn44UEcFRGyy0qnMPs8parXhlCZU1zBiojtGCONw-OMtSGx2gp5CF1tdFg2LfrNn7KYWK49k-7E0n8QZE1LteY_aVSgYlpgRnKSx7yHMJDDjhyBLrE8hLxLXWxy6-ig/s400/Motts+Cottage+Port+Fairy.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Mott's Cottage" in Port Fairy, Victoria, Australia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmQBGkpiPM7vS6_r8pnFjbA2Zb2KatbU7ZrHZqTvP2vjJHzyUVYMQFVuwE2v-02BMOXo2n4dz_tEY2Ei3b2rB4TuvjBmV9HR2rrTkFg_deVcCQDrNKNA6OvKZY73NdVXApfz7XxU93YA/s1600/Home+of+Andrew+Luther+%2526+Mary+Ann+Mott+in+Rowlands+Castle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmQBGkpiPM7vS6_r8pnFjbA2Zb2KatbU7ZrHZqTvP2vjJHzyUVYMQFVuwE2v-02BMOXo2n4dz_tEY2Ei3b2rB4TuvjBmV9HR2rrTkFg_deVcCQDrNKNA6OvKZY73NdVXApfz7XxU93YA/s400/Home+of+Andrew+Luther+%2526+Mary+Ann+Mott+in+Rowlands+Castle.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWuaeueqj5_XDy02p1KH0POCuHZvKPFNP9eXsxc-GFByBWPTvJD1jCDRdphGiB69IqychADXQ36aEq6HAIJ6n_-VrE8q2su0EWQWOHGuSqIYh6K5tuD9hqe7PvCu55jMSir9pWJrnW5_w/s1600/Mott+home+at+27+Laura+St%252C+Sth+Brisbane+1903-1943%25261955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWuaeueqj5_XDy02p1KH0POCuHZvKPFNP9eXsxc-GFByBWPTvJD1jCDRdphGiB69IqychADXQ36aEq6HAIJ6n_-VrE8q2su0EWQWOHGuSqIYh6K5tuD9hqe7PvCu55jMSir9pWJrnW5_w/s400/Mott+home+at+27+Laura+St%252C+Sth+Brisbane+1903-1943%25261955.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Home of William T. Mott at 27 Laura Street, South Brisbane 1903-1943 & 1955.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Word is that John Wesley Mott's widow sold the pistols to someone in Canberra. I have endevoured to trace their whereabouts without success. Now 200 years later, it would be great to know where the pistols are. </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>If anyone can help solve this mystery I would appreciated a contact by email to Joy Olney at joyolney@gmail.com</b><b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<h3 class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b>Back in London </b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
While in London I had afternoon tea with <b>Queen Elizabeth 11 at Buckingham Palace,</b> but unfortunately she was not at home. Never-the-less, I enjoyed my tour of the Palace and the scrumptious vanilla slice and iced coffee at the conclusion of the tour. It is interesting to note that there is only 32 degrees of separation between myself and Queen Elizabeth 11, so I felt quite at home!<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioupa-_EIq7i1Vkyly8tr0llYT__OlH3-m5_-BdFvVS1lIgCnjGTamJc5jzFuyUVWN27FBJsYBdzmX7NLHvNeIKw3nm1SCaFbp-STEA2dY50j0U_34xrFGs5WtqLEFS20LUmAZNHqODyw/s400/046a+Joy+at+Buckingham+Palace.JPG" width="265" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joy at Buckingham Palace.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdp1snGUWiAZ3woAvqS5oIGXdhMOCDRN1ld5_Ym9Pozf3eBciK6PBEh9zwgfo6JitZX9M9-CYaDsDNBFl1FVtDenk2jUiW8V7KLOeImwLzkTdT2y4DQ0cJTTcHcfOcTbz68jwwzW1Ri3w/s1600/053+Afternoon+tea+at+Buckingham+Palace.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdp1snGUWiAZ3woAvqS5oIGXdhMOCDRN1ld5_Ym9Pozf3eBciK6PBEh9zwgfo6JitZX9M9-CYaDsDNBFl1FVtDenk2jUiW8V7KLOeImwLzkTdT2y4DQ0cJTTcHcfOcTbz68jwwzW1Ri3w/s400/053+Afternoon+tea+at+Buckingham+Palace.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Afternoon tea at Buckingham Palace.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I visited <b>Wesleyan Methodist Church in London</b> as my Grandpa, Rev Leslie Sruart Macdougall was a Methodist Minister in Tasmania and Victoria from 1901-1948. If you have an interest in Methodism, I suggest you take a look at my Blog at <b>http://macdougalldiaries@blogspot.com.au</b> which will give an overlook at his diaries written from 1895-1948. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKD7D-LHf31Y-VeTE82-bUQzwK_b9pfLztlitzjaXGpEtwXwODVOK8dP2KIUgn3ar-gx_Ofbikw2NBQiNFVehcI8iBtOWX_C2lmVdBAGEWhrJs4wHfYkeBjTrTqlxkF6YON456fZdVIRs/s1600/025+John+Wesley%252C+Founder+of+Methodist+Church.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKD7D-LHf31Y-VeTE82-bUQzwK_b9pfLztlitzjaXGpEtwXwODVOK8dP2KIUgn3ar-gx_Ofbikw2NBQiNFVehcI8iBtOWX_C2lmVdBAGEWhrJs4wHfYkeBjTrTqlxkF6YON456fZdVIRs/s400/025+John+Wesley%252C+Founder+of+Methodist+Church.JPG" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Wesley, Founder of Methodist Church.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyblUw3p0S2rPPt3XaYTp4QwjoXor2MhxBT_nzuHS13QsBslT7DBNiUot3kmDUif_l7yW8THvSN7NPEmndtkDOsHUu68Q0FYSwALW_tRuptEzOqk3NtL7uJdL0ojpR6sykuE7Wbzv7aPg/s1600/028+Interior+Methodist+Central+Hall+Westminster.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyblUw3p0S2rPPt3XaYTp4QwjoXor2MhxBT_nzuHS13QsBslT7DBNiUot3kmDUif_l7yW8THvSN7NPEmndtkDOsHUu68Q0FYSwALW_tRuptEzOqk3NtL7uJdL0ojpR6sykuE7Wbzv7aPg/s400/028+Interior+Methodist+Central+Hall+Westminster.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Methodist Central Hall, Westminster, London.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
If you see any need for corrections, or have a comment to make, please contact the author, <b>Joy Olney via</b> email at <b>joyolney@gmail.com</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
Joys Blogshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13343297096865279596noreply@blogger.com